Biology B1 and B2

Question 1

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Answer 1

To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question 2

What shape are red blood cells, and why?

Answer 2

Biconcave discs; this shape increases surface area for efficient gas exchange and allows flexibility in capillaries.

Question 3

What is the primary function of root hair cells?

Answer 3

To absorb water and minerals from the soil, facilitating nutrient transport in plants.

Question 4

How do root hair cells adapt to their function?

Answer 4

They have a long extension to increase surface area, thin cell walls, and a large vacuole to maximize water absorption.

Question 5

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 5

A process where cells produce energy (ATP) using oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as by products.

Question 6

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Answer 6

In the alveoli, tiny air sacs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse between the lungs and blood.

Question 7

How does oxygen travel from the lungs to the tissues?

Answer 7

Oxygen binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells and is transported through the bloodstream to tissues.

Question 8

What happens to carbon dioxide in aerobic respiration?

Answer 8

It is produced as a waste product in cells, diffuses into blood, and is carried back to the lungs for exhalation.

Question 9

What is mitosis?

Answer 9

The process of cell division in which one cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. The spindle fibres drag half of the chromosomes to their respective poles.

Question 10

List the stages of Cell Cycle in order.

Answer 10

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Question 11

What happens in interphase?

Answer 11

The cell grows and duplicates sub cellular structures. The DNA is also condensed into chromosomes.

Question 12

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 12

The physical process that divides the cell’s cytoplasm into two daughter cells which completes the cell division process

Question 13

What is osmosis?

Answer 13

The diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to higher.

Question 14

Define diffusion.

Answer 14

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 15

What is active transport?

Answer 15

The movement of molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

Question 16

How are red blood cells specialized for oxygen transport?

Answer 16

They lack a nucleus, have a biconcave shape, and contain hemoglobin to maximize oxygen-carrying capacity.

Question 17

How are root hair cells specialized for absorption?

Answer 17

They have an elongated structure, a large surface area, and a thin cell wall to absorb water and minerals effectively.

Question 18

What are stem cells?

Answer 18

Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into various specialized cell types.

Question 19

What are the main parts of a microscope?

Answer 19

Eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, light source, coarse and fine focus knobs, and arm.

Question 20

What is the function of the eyepiece on a microscope?

Answer 20

To magnify the image of the specimen, typically with a lens of 10x magnification.

Question 21

What are objective lenses, and how are they used?

Answer 21

Lenses with different magnifications (e.g., 4x, 10x, 40x) that further magnify the specimen under observation.

Question 22

What is the stage on a microscope?

Answer 22

The flat platform where the slide with the specimen is placed for viewing.

Question 23

What does the coarse focus knob do on a microscope?

Answer 23

It adjusts the stage’s height to bring the specimen roughly into focus.

Question 24

What does the fine focus knob do?

Answer 24

It fine-tunes the focus, allowing for a sharper, clearer image of the specimen.

Question 25

What is the purpose of the light source on a microscope?

Answer 25

To illuminate the specimen, making it visible under the lenses.

Question 26

35%

Answer 26

35%

Question 27

What is the primary function of the lungs?

Answer 27

To take in oxygen for the body and expel carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Question 28

How does the large surface area of the lungs aid in oxygen intake?

Answer 28

The lungs contain millions of alveoli, which create a large surface area for gas exchange, allowing more oxygen to diffuse into the blood efficiently.

Question 29

What are alveoli?

Answer 29

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and the blood.

Question 30

How does the thin wall of alveoli facilitate gas exchange?

Answer 30

Alveoli have very thin walls (one cell thick) that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to quickly diffuse across.

Question 31

How does the proximity of capillaries to alveoli support oxygen intake?

Answer 31

Capillaries are closely wrapped around alveoli, allowing oxygen to quickly enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to exit.

Question 32

What role does the rich blood supply to the lungs play in oxygen intake?

Answer 32

A dense network of capillaries ensures a continuous flow of blood to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide, maximizing gas exchange.

Question 33

How does the moisture lining the alveoli aid in oxygen intake?

Answer 33

The moist lining of alveoli allows oxygen to dissolve and diffuse more easily into the blood.

Question 34

What is the purpose of the diaphragm in breathing?

Answer 34

The diaphragm is a muscle that contracts and flattens to create a vacuum, allowing air to enter the lungs during inhalation.

Question 35

How does the diaphragm’s movement help oxygen intake?

Answer 35

When the diaphragm contracts, it increases lung volume, decreasing pressure and drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs.