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Crim > Biological Theories > Flashcards

Biological Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Define monozygotic

A

Share 100% DNA aka identical twins

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2
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Share 50% of DNA and are not identical

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3
Q

Sheldon’s somatotypes

A

Criminal behaviour is liked to a persons body type

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4
Q

Adoption theories

A

Comparing children to biological and adoptive parents

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5
Q

Lombrosos atavistic features

A

Criminals are primitive, evolutionary throwbacks who can be identified by facial features

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6
Q

Twin studies

A

Higher concordance rate suggests genetic influence

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7
Q

XYY

A

Chromosomal disorder where the individual is born with an extra Y chromosome

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8
Q

What is the nickname for someone with XYY

A

‘supermale’

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9
Q

Who tested for XYY

A

Jacobs

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10
Q

How did Jacobs test for XYY

A

Karyotyping

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11
Q

A criminal with XYY

A

John Wayne Gacy

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12
Q

How many prisoners had XYY and what was the average of population

A

Criminals :3.5%
Population:1%

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13
Q

Which somatotype is more prone to crime

A

Mesomorphs

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14
Q

What are the 3 somatotypes

A

Mesomorphs
Endomorph
Ectomorph

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15
Q

How many atavistic features do women and men need

A

Women:3+
Men:5+

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16
Q

If a child is more similar to biological parent what does it show

A

Genetic influence

17
Q

Sheldon’s mesomorph finding

A

Criminal :5.4
Non criminal: 3.8

18
Q

What is a reductionist theory

A

Reduces the cause to only one factor

19
Q

Lombrosos findings

A

Tested 383 dead and 3839 alive criminals and found 40% had the atavistic features

20
Q

Physiological theories

A

Lombroso and Sheldon

21
Q

Genetic theories

A

XYY
Twin studies
Adoption studies

22
Q

How many were tested for XYY

A

198 Scottish prisoners

23
Q

What is a concordance rate

A

Characteristics shown are the same

24
Q

What was the concordance rate of monozygotic twins

A

52%

25
Q

What was the concordance rate of dizygotic twins

A

22%

26
Q

Mutching and mednick

A

Adoption theories

27
Q

What was found in adoption theories

A

High percentage of boys with biology criminal parents were also criminal

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