biological joint infections Flashcards

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1
Q

how can joints become infected

A

haematogenous route
directly following trauma or surgery

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2
Q

describe reactive arthritis

A

occurs due to enteric bacteria infections
pathogen responsible is at a distant site
usually more than one joint is affected

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3
Q

what is septic arthritis

A

infection of the joints causing arthritis
circulating bacteria sometimes localise in joints especially following trauma

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4
Q

5 risk factors for septic arthritis

A

age >80, children
joint damage from arthritis
prosthetic joint
skin infection
immunosuppression

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of SA

A

fever
joint pain
limitation of movement
swelling
joint effusion

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6
Q

what is the pathology of SA

A

haematogenous
dissemination of osteomyelitis
spread from adjacent soft tissue
puncture or injections
penetrating trauma

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7
Q

what is paediatric SA and why does is happen

A

children often have coexisting SA and osteomyelitis
thin bony cortex and loose periosteum
blood vessels that connect the metaphysis and epiphysis serve as a conduit by which bone infection may easily reach the joint space

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8
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A

bone can become infected haematogenously or by adjacent infection
typically involves growing end of a long bone where sprouting capillary loops adjacent to epiphyseal growth plates promote the localization of circulating bacteria
results in a painful tender bone lesion and a general febrile illness

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9
Q

how is osteomyelitis diagnosed

A

clinical: painful joints during exam or while taking history
microbial/radiological: normally through plainfilm - periosteal reaction and bone loss may be visible radiologically blood cultures/bone biopsy

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10
Q

what is septic bursitis

A

superfical bursae are commonly affected
underlying joint infection is not common
acute or repetitive trauma
staph aureas
can be treated by drainage or antibiotics

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11
Q

what is prosthetic joint infection

A

early or late onset
bacterial adhesion to biomaterial
cant be treated without removing material
DAIR procedure: debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, retention
two-stage revision
12 weeeks of antibiotics
high level of resistance
formation of BIOFILMS

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12
Q

what is arthrocentesis

A

a procedure used to remove synovia fluid accumulated around joints

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