Biochemistry (C6: Types of Lipids)

Question 1

3 main points about Terpenes

Answer 1

They are polymers of the isoprene monomer (C5H8)

The names of the first few polymer lengths (i.e., 2 isoprene units is a monoterpene, 3 isoprene units is sesquiterpene, and 4 isoprene units is a diterpene)

They are the monomers that comprise Vitamin A (terpenoid [OH] - general name given to terpenes with other elements)

Question 2

Triglyceride

Answer 2

a glycerol molecule with three ester linkages to long-chain fatty acids. These serve as the storage form for fats.

Question 3

Sphingolipid

Answer 3

backbone is sphingosine (not glycerol). Has 2 alcohols and an NH2 group.

Question 4

phospholipids

Answer 4

phosphatides, derived from diacylglycerol phosphate
phosphate and glycerol are polar
FA are nonpolar

Question 5

What is the structure in membrane lipid called?

Answer 5

phospholipid (only phosphate group and nothing attached to it)

Question 6

isoprene formula

Answer 6

C5H8

Question 7

two unit isoprene

Answer 7

monoterpene

Question 8

three unit isoprene

Answer 8

sesquiterpene

Question 9

four unit isoprene

Answer 9

diterpene

Question 10

six unit isoprene

Answer 10

triterpene (ex of this is squalene [earwax])

Question 11

terpenoid

Answer 11

when another element is attached such as O,N and S

Question 12

example of a terpenoid AND the attached structure

Answer 12

Vitamin A - OH

Question 13

how many isoterpenes does vitamin A have?

Answer 13

4 units

Question 14

cholesterol and steroid relationship

Answer 14

cholesterol is the building block of steroid

Question 15

examples of steroid

Answer 15

testosterone and estradiol

Question 16

lipoprotein

Answer 16

a protein that carries fat into the blood plasma

Question 17

atherosclerotic vascular disease

Answer 17

implication of lipoproteins that causes cholesterol plaques inside blood vessels

Question 18

How is cholesterol obtained

Answer 18

from diet and synthesized in liver

Question 19

waxes

Answer 19

fatty acid esterified to long chain alcohol

Question 20

name the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 20

ADEK

Question 21

name the water soluble vitamins

Answer 21

B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, biotin, folate

Question 22

B1

Answer 22

thiamine - Decarboxylations

Question 23

B2

Answer 23

riboflavin (FAD)

Question 24

B3

Answer 24

niacin (NAD)

Question 25

B6

Answer 25

pyridoxine

Question 26

B12

Answer 26

bocalamin

nucleotides -> deoxynucleotides

Question 27

C

Answer 27

absorbic acid (collagen formation)

Question 28

ADEK breakdown

Answer 28

Vitamin A is important in different functions and also eye functionality, see retinal. Growth and metabolism.

Vitamin D is important for reabsorption of nutrients such as calcium.

Vitamin E is an anti oxidant and neutralizes ROS in fat

Vitamin K is a coagulant and also important for bone health

Question 29

vitamin E is a group of compounds called?

Answer 29

tocopherols

Question 30

tocopherols

Answer 30

methylated phenols

Question 31

prostaglandins

Answer 31

belong to eicosanoids
20 carbon FA
eicosa - means 20
have a 5 membered ring