Biochemistry

Question 1

Monosaccharide

Answer 1

any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar

Question 2

Disaccharide

Answer 2

any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues

Question 3

Polysaccharide

Answer 3

a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

Question 4

Lipid

Answer 4

any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

Question 5

Phospholipid

Answer 5

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule, e.g., lecithin

Question 6

Wax

Answer 6

a sticky yellowish moldable substance secreted by honeybees as the material of honeycomb; beeswax.

Question 7

Steroid

Answer 7

any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins

Question 8

Functional Group

Answer 8

a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound

Question 9

Polymer

Answer 9

a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.

Question 10

Monomer

Answer 10

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Question 11

Dehydration

Answer 11

Dehydration occurs when you use or lose more fluid than you take in, and your body doesn’t have enough water and other fluids to carry out its normal functions. If you don’t replace lost fluids, you will get dehydrated.

Question 12

Nucleic Acid

Answer 12

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 13

RNA

Answer 13

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Question 15

Nucleotide

Answer 15

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 16

Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 16

a compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue. The breakage of one phosphate linkage (to form adenosine diphosphate, ADP ) provides energy for physiological processes such as muscular contraction.

Question 17

Carbohydrates

Answer 17

Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients. They are the most important source of energy for your body. Your digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells, tissues and organs.