Bio 181 Test unit 2 Flashcards
If a cell is in a HYPOtonic environment and water can pass across the cell’s membrane, then the net movement of water will be
Into the cell
Mitosis results in two genetically identical cells
TRUE
What molecule would pass most easily across a cell membrane without the help of a specialized transport protein
A nonpolar, uncharged molecule
Where are proteins made if they are going to be secreted by the cell or located in the cell membrane
The ribosomes in the rough ER
If cells were grown at higher and lower tempertatures, how would that effect their permeability
Cells grown at two different temperatures would have membranes with similar permeability
If an organism has linear chromosomes, is it eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic, all eukaryotes have linear chromosomes
If every person has a copy of a gene that can result in disease, are they all at increased risk of getting the disease?
No, for all people have the gene but it does not mean someone will get the disease
What requires mitotic cell division?
Growth, cell replacement, wound healing
What requires meiotic cell division?
Gamete synthesis
In a species that has 5 pairs of chromosomes, how many genetically unique gametes could an individual make if there was no crossing over
2^5=32 gametes
If crossing over does not separate two alleles of the four, what is the probability one of the gametes will contain the first two alleles?
1/2; 2/4 alleles are the first two which is simplified to 1/2
Yellow vs Black Coat in dogs is an autosomal trait where black is dominant over yellow. If the mother of a dog had a yellow coat and the dog had a black coat, what is the dog’s genotype?
Yy; His mom is yy and he is Yy so he cannot be homozygous dominant
If two codominant “roan” cattle have a calf, what is the probability it will also be a roan?
1/2 chance of being a roan; the calf can also either be red or white
What is a mendelian trait?
A trait that is determined by a single non-sex linked gene with two alleles (dominant or recessive)
What does meiosis result in?
Four haploid daughter cells with different genetic makeups (due to crossing over)
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
A genetic process in meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information (different alleles); it occurs in prophase I of meiosis
What is independent assortment?
How genes separate into gametes independently of each other (one gene does not influence another) occurs during metaphase I of meiosis
What is a homologous chromosome?
A pair of chromosomes where one comes from the mother and one from the father before crossing over
What is a sex linked trait
Trait linked to a sex chromosome (x or y)
What increases genetic variation?
Crossing over and independent assortment
What is the flow of genetic information in the central dogma?
DNA is transcribed to RNA which translates into proteins
If you have a gene associated with a disease, you have an increased likelihood of developing the disease
TRUE
If parents with AA and Aa genes have 3 kids AT THE SAME TIME what is the chance they are ALL AA?
1/2^3; 1/8
If mom has one allele for a recessive x-linked gene and dad is unaffected, what are the odds the son has the gene?
1/2; 50%
