Bio 181 Test unit 2

Question 1

If a cell is in a HYPOtonic environment and water can pass across the cell’s membrane, then the net movement of water will be

Answer 1

Into the cell

Question 2

Mitosis results in two genetically identical cells

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

What molecule would pass most easily across a cell membrane without the help of a specialized transport protein

Answer 3

A nonpolar, uncharged molecule

Question 4

Where are proteins made if they are going to be secreted by the cell or located in the cell membrane

Answer 4

The ribosomes in the rough ER

Question 5

If cells were grown at higher and lower tempertatures, how would that effect their permeability

Answer 5

Cells grown at two different temperatures would have membranes with similar permeability

Question 6

If an organism has linear chromosomes, is it eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 6

Eukaryotic, all eukaryotes have linear chromosomes

Question 7

If every person has a copy of a gene that can result in disease, are they all at increased risk of getting the disease?

Answer 7

No, for all people have the gene but it does not mean someone will get the disease

Question 8

What requires mitotic cell division?

Answer 8

Growth, cell replacement, wound healing

Question 9

What requires meiotic cell division?

Answer 9

Gamete synthesis

Question 10

In a species that has 5 pairs of chromosomes, how many genetically unique gametes could an individual make if there was no crossing over

Answer 10

2^5=32 gametes

Question 11

If crossing over does not separate two alleles of the four, what is the probability one of the gametes will contain the first two alleles?

Answer 11

1/2; 2/4 alleles are the first two which is simplified to 1/2

Question 12

Yellow vs Black Coat in dogs is an autosomal trait where black is dominant over yellow. If the mother of a dog had a yellow coat and the dog had a black coat, what is the dog’s genotype?

Answer 12

Yy; His mom is yy and he is Yy so he cannot be homozygous dominant

Question 13

If two codominant “roan” cattle have a calf, what is the probability it will also be a roan?

Answer 13

1/2 chance of being a roan; the calf can also either be red or white

Question 14

What is a mendelian trait?

Answer 14

A trait that is determined by a single non-sex linked gene with two alleles (dominant or recessive)

Question 15

What does meiosis result in?

Answer 15

Four haploid daughter cells with different genetic makeups (due to crossing over)

Question 16

What is crossing over and when does it occur?

Answer 16

A genetic process in meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information (different alleles); it occurs in prophase I of meiosis

Question 17

What is independent assortment?

Answer 17

How genes separate into gametes independently of each other (one gene does not influence another) occurs during metaphase I of meiosis

Question 18

What is a homologous chromosome?

Answer 18

A pair of chromosomes where one comes from the mother and one from the father before crossing over

Question 19

What is a sex linked trait

Answer 19

Trait linked to a sex chromosome (x or y)

Question 20

What increases genetic variation?

Answer 20

Crossing over and independent assortment

Question 21

What is the flow of genetic information in the central dogma?

Answer 21

DNA is transcribed to RNA which translates into proteins

Question 22

If you have a gene associated with a disease, you have an increased likelihood of developing the disease

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

If parents with AA and Aa genes have 3 kids AT THE SAME TIME what is the chance they are ALL AA?

Answer 23

1/2^3; 1/8

Question 24

If mom has one allele for a recessive x-linked gene and dad is unaffected, what are the odds the son has the gene?

Answer 24

1/2; 50%

Question 25

How does independent assortment influence genetic diversity?

Answer 25

It passes down different combinations of alleles to the offspring

Question 26

What process is responsible for shuffling alleles between homologous chromosomes?

Answer 26

Crossing over