beliefs in society topic one - theories of religion

Question 1

substantive definitions

Answer 1

• focus on what religion is by identifying its core beliefs
• Weber defines religion as belief in a superior or supernatural power that cannot be scientifically explained
• are exclusivist

Question 2

issues with substantive definitons

Answer 2

• narrow definitions: excludes religions that do not focus on the supernatural
• western bias: focuses on monotheistic religions

Question 3

functional definitions

Answer 3

• focus on what religion does for individuals and society
• define religion based on its social or psychological functions e.g Durkheim saw religion as creating social cohesion and maintaining solidarity
• are inclusive

Question 4

issues with functional

Answer 4

• too broad so can include non-religious practices such as nationalism

Question 5

social constructionist definitions

Answer 5

• focus on how individuals and societies define religion rather than imposing a fixed definition
• Aldridge (2013) argues that even organisations like Scientology, which some governments reject as a religion, are seen as religions by their followers

Question 6

define sacred

Answer 6

things that are set apart and are forbidden - they evoke feelings of awe, fear and wonder
- e.g. holy texts, religious symbols

Question 7

define profane

Answer 7

things that have no special significance - are ordinary and mundane

Question 8

How does Durkeim use the sacred vs the profane to explain religion

Answer 8

• religion does not exist to worship a God, but rather to worship the sacred which respresents society itself