Bacterial Coverage by Drug Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Penicillins

A

Gram positive (streptococci and enterococci, not staphylococci)
Gram positive anaerobes (mouth flora)

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2
Q

Antistaphylococcal Penicillins

A

MSSA and Streptococci

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3
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Gram positive (streptococci and enterococci)
Aminopenicillin with beta lactamase inhibitor covers MSSA
Gram positive anaerobes (mouth flora)
Gram negative (HNPEK)
Gram negative anaerobes (B. fragilis)

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4
Q

Extended-Spectrum Penicillins

A

Gram positive
Gram negative (HNPEK, CAPES, Pseudomonas)
Gram positive anaerobes
Gram negative anaerobes (B. fragilis)

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5
Q

HNPEK

A

Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella

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6
Q

CAPES

A

Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Providencia, Enterobacter, Serratia

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7
Q

1st Gen. Cephalosporin

A

Gram positive (staphylococci, streptococci
Preferred cephalosporin for MSSA
Gram negative rods (PEK)
Gram positive anaerobes

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8
Q

2nd Gen. Cephalosporin

A

Gram positive (staphylococci, streptococci) including MSSA
Gram negative (HNPEK)

Cefotetan and Cefoxitin covers anaerobes
Cefuroxime DOES NOT

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9
Q

3rd Gen. Group 1 Cephalosporin

A

Resistant streptococci (S. pneumoniae), staphylococci (MSSA)
Resistant gram negative (HNPEK)
Gram positive anaerobes

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10
Q

3rd Gen. Group 2 Cephalosporin

A

Resistant gram negative (HNPEK)
Pseudomonas

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11
Q

4th Gen. Cephalosporin

A

Resistant streptococci (S. pneumoniae), staphylococci (MSSA)
Gram negative (HNPEK, CAPES, Pseudomonas)
Gram positive anaerobes

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12
Q

5th Gen. Cephalosporin

A

Broad Gram positive (no enterococcus b/c cephalosporin; covers MRSA)
Resistant gram negative (HNPEK)
Gram positive anaerobes

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13
Q

Cephalosporin Combinations

A

Gram positive (staphylococci, streptococci)
Gram negative (HNPEK, CAPES, Pseudomonas)
MDR Gram negative rods (ESB, PEK)
Anaerobes

Avycaz covers CRE

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14
Q

Siderophore Cephalosporins

A

E. Coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas

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15
Q

Carbapenems

A

Most gram positive (not MRSA)
Most gram negative (including ESBL, HNPEK, CAPES, Pseudomonas)
Anaerobes

Ertapenem does not cover Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus

Vabomere and Recarbrio covers CRE

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16
Q

Monobactam

A

Many gram negatives (Pseudomonas and CAPES)

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17
Q

Gram Positive Aerobes

A

Staphylococci (MRSA, MSSA), Streptococci (S. pneumoniae, Viridans group), Enterococci

18
Q

Gram Negative Aerobes

A

HNPEK, CAPES, Pseudomonas

19
Q

Anaerobes

A

gram positive mouth flora, gram negative B. fragilis

20
Q

Atypicals

A

Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma

21
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gram negative (HNPEK, CAPES)
Tobramycin covers Pseudomonas

Used in synergy with beta lactams for gram positive

22
Q

Quinolones

A

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin: enhanced coverage of S. pneumoniae and atypicals

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin: enhanced coverage of gram negative including Pseudomonas

Moxifloxacin covers gram positive and anaerobes

Delafloxacin covers MRSA

23
Q

Macrolides

A

Excellent coverage of atypicals and Haemophilus

24
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Gram positive including Propionibacterium
Gram negative
Respiratory flora (Haemophilus, Moraxella, atypicals)
Rickettsiae, Bacillus anthracis, Treponema palldium (tickborne diseases)

Doxycycline and minocycline covers CA-MRSA SSTIs

25
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Covers Staphylococci (including MRSA and CA-MRSA SSTIs)
Broad gram negative (Haemophilus, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Stenotrophomonas)
HNPEK with no N + E Triple S

Opportunistic pathogens (Nocardia, Pneumocystis, Toxoplasmosis)

26
Q

Vancomycin

A

Only gram positive (including MRSA), not VRE
C. diff (oral only)

27
Q

Lipoglycopeptides

A

Only gram positive (including MRSA), not VRE

28
Q

Daptomycin

A

Most gram positive (including MRSA and VRE)

29
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

Most gram positive (including MRSA and VRE)

30
Q

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

A

Most gram positive (including MRSA and VRE, but not VRE caused by E. faecalis)

Reserved for vancomycin-resistant E. faecium infections

31
Q

Tigecycline

A

Most gram positive (including MRSA and VRE)
Gram negative excluding the 3 P’s (Pseudomonas, Proteus, Providencia)
Anaerobes
Atypicals

RISK OF DEATH

32
Q

Polymyxin

A

Gram negative (E. Coli, Klebsiella, CAPES, Pseudomonas) NOT Proteus

Covers CRE

Reserved for MDR gram-negative

33
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Gram positive
Gram negative
Anaerobes
Atypicals

GRAY SYNDROME

34
Q

Clindamycin

A

Most gram positive (including CA-MRSA, NOT enterococci)
Must perform D Test
Gram positive anaerobes

35
Q

Metronidazole

A

Anaerobes
Protozoal (giardiasis, ambeasis)
C. diff

36
Q

Lefamulin

A

covers CAP bacteria: S. pneumoniae and atypicals

37
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

C. diff

38
Q

Rifaximin

A

Gram positive
Gram negative
Anaerobes

Treats traveler’s diarrhea, C. diff, IBS-D, hepatic encephalopathy

39
Q

Fosfomycin

A

E. Coli (ESBL), E. faecalis (VRE)

40
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Gram positive: S. aureus, Enterococcus (including VRE)
Gram negative: E. Coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

41
Q

Mupirocin

A

MRSA colonization