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Ellen Microbiology > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the difference between Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria?

and describe

A

Cell wall structure

-+ve = peptidoglycan +++ -> cell memb.
-ve = lipopolysaccharide -> peptidoglycan -> cell memb.

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2
Q

Which group of bacteria broadly have high antibiotic resistance?

A

Gram -ve

Lipopolysaccharide wall

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3
Q

Which classes belong to the phyla bacillota?

A

Bacilli and Clostridia

Bacillota are gram +ve

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4
Q

What’s the difference between clostridia and bacillota?

The two classes of bacillota

A

Clostridia = anaerobes, toxins
Bacillota = aerobes/ facultative anaerobes

Both gram +ve

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5
Q

Which orders belong to the class Bacilli?

A

Lacto-bacillales and Bacillales

Both Gram +ve

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6
Q

What’s the difference between Lacto-bacillales and Bacillales?

A

Lactobacillales = Catalase -ve, non spore forming
Bacillales = Catalase +ve, endospores

Both Gram +ve

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7
Q

What family do Streptococcae belong to?

A

Lacto-bacillales

Gram +ve

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8
Q

What are the key characteristics of streptococcae?

Gram, shape, orientation, catalase, motility, spores

A

Gram +ve
Cocci
Pairs or chains
Catalase -ve
Nonmotile
Non-spore

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9
Q

What differentiates streptococci?

A

Haemolysis status

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10
Q

What is haemolysis?

In the context of streptococci

A

RBC destruction

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11
Q

What agar culture allows haemolytic assessment?

A

Blood agar plates

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12
Q

What does beta haemolysis mean?

A

Complete haemolysis

Clear zone on blood agar plate

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13
Q

What does alpha haemolysis mean?

A

Partial haemolysis

Green, opaque zone on blood agar plate

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14
Q

What does gamma haemolysis mean?

A

No haemolysis

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15
Q

If a colony beta heamolyses blood agar, what are the possible species?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus Aureus

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16
Q

If a colony alpha heamolyses blood agar, what are the possible species?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Viridans Streptococci

Viridans = green discolouration

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17
Q

If a colony gamma haemolyses blood agar, what are the possible species?

A

Enterococci
Staphylococcus epidermidis

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18
Q

What specis can be found in the family Bacillales?

A

Bacillus
Listeria
Staphylococcus

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19
Q

What family do Bacillus belong to?

A

Bacillales

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20
Q

What is an important species of Bacillus?

A

Bacillus Anthracis

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21
Q

Describe the species Bacillus Anthracis

Gram, shape, orientation, catalase, motility, spores, respiration

A

Gram +ve
Large rod
Chains
Catalase +ve
Nonmotile
Spores
Aerobic

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22
Q

What family do Listeria belong to?

A

Bacillales

23
Q

Name an important species of Listeria

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

24
Q

Describe Listeria Monocytogenes

Gram, shape, catalase, spores, respiration

A

Gram +ve
Rod
Catalase +ve
Non-spore
Facultatively anaerobic

25
Q

Describe Staphylococci

Gram, shape, orientation, catalase, motility, spores, respiration

A

Gram +ve
Cocci
Gape bunch/clusters
Catalase +ve (mostly)
Non-motile
Non-spore
Facultatively anaerobc

26
Q

How can you differentiate between Staphylococci species?

A

Coagulase status

27
Q

What staphylococci is coagulase +ve?

A

Aureus

28
Q

Which staphylococci is coagulase -ve?

A

Epidermidis
Saprophyticus

29
Q

Describe Clostridium

Gram, shape, orientation, motility, spores, respiration

A

Gram +ve
Rods
Pairs or short chains
Occasional gliding motility
Spores
Obligate Anaerobe (mostly)

30
Q

Name 4 important species of Clostridium

A

Difficile
Botulinum
Tetani
Perfringens

31
Q

What orders belong to the phyla Actinomycetota?

A

Actinomycetales
Mycobacteriales

32
Q

Describe Actinomycetota

Gram, shape, orientation

Phylum

A

Gram +ve, cocci, filaments

33
Q

Describe Actinomyces

Gram, shape, orientation, motility, spores, respiration

A

Gram +ve
Rods
Singly, pairs, clusters, chains
Non-motile
Spores
Anerobic

34
Q

Describe Mycobcteria

Gram, shape, catalase, motility, spores, respiration

A

Gram +ve
Rod
Catalase +ve
Non-motile
Non-spore
Obligate aerobe

35
Q

What’s an important species of Corynebacter?

A

Diptheria

36
Q

Describe Corynebacter

Gram, shape, motility, respiration

A

Gram +ve
Rod (club)
Non-motile
Aerobic

37
Q

Describe Nocardia

Gram, shape, acid fastness, motility, spores, respiration

A

Gram +ve
Rod/coccoid
Weak acid fast
Non-motile
Non-spores
Aerobic

38
Q

Describe Chlamydia

Gram, shape, motility, respiration, unique feature

A

Gram -ve
Rod/coccoid
Non-motile
Anaerobic
Extra and intracellular life cycles

39
Q

Describe Mycoplasma

Gram, shape, motility, respiration

A

Gram -ve
Cocci/filamentous
Motile
Aerobic

40
Q

Which notable species belong to the order campylobacteriales?

A

Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter Pylori

41
Q

Describe Campylobacter jejuni

Gram, shape, motility, respiration

A

Gram -ve
Rods (spiral)
Motile
Microaerobic

42
Q

Describe Helicobacter Pylori

Gram, shape, motility, respiration

A

Gram -ve
Rod/spiral
Motile
Microaerobic

43
Q

Which classes are part of the phylum Pseudomonadota?

A

Betapropetobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria

44
Q

What is a notable genus in the class betaproteobacteria?

A

Neisseria

45
Q

Describe Nerisseria

Gram, shape, motility, respiration, oxidase, catalase

A

Gram -ve
Diplococci
Non-motile
Obligate aerobe
Oxidase +ve
Catalase +ve

46
Q

Name the pathogenic species of Neisseria

A

Gonorrhoeae
Meningitidis

47
Q

What are the key differences between Neisseria gonorrhoeae and meningitidis?

A

Gonorrhoeae = Causes gonorrhoea, kidney shaped, common agent
Meningitidis = Causes meningitis, semicircular diplococcus, rare agent

48
Q

What orders come under Gammaproteobacteria?

A

Enterbacteriales
Legionellales
Pseudomonales
Vibrionales
Pasteurales

49
Q

Describe order enterobacteriales

Gram, shape, respiration, oxidase, catalase, lactamase

A

Gram -ve
Rod
Facultative Anaerobic
Oxidase -ve
Catalase +ve
Beta Lectamase

50
Q

Name enterobacterales species

A

Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysentiriae
Klebsiella pneumoniae

51
Q

Describe Legionella Pneumophilia

Gram, shape, motility, spore, respiration

A

Gram -ve
Rod/coccoid
Flagellated
Non-spore
Aerobic

52
Q

Describe Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Gram, shape, motility, spore, respiration

A

Gram -ve
Rod
Flagellate
Non-spore
Aerobic

53
Q

Describe Vibrio Cholerae

Gram, shape, motility, spore, respiration

A

Gram -ve
Rod (curved)
Flagellate
Non-spore
Facultative anaerobic

54
Q

Describe Haemophilus influenzae

Gram, shape, motility, spore, respiration

A

Gram -ve
Coccobacilli
Non-motile
Non-spore
Aerobic (mostly)

Ellen Microbiology (1 decks)

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