Background Data

Question 1

Previous term for psychologist

Answer 1

Until about the 19th century, doctors working with patients with mental illness were called ‘alienists’ and patients were called ‘aliens’. Patients were to be differentiated from vagabonds and vagrants. Alienists provided containment and treatment.

Question 2

Parapsychology

Answer 2

…is the study of alleged psychicphenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example, those related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc.[1] Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Parapsychology has also been criticized by mainstream critics for claims by many of its practitioners that their studies are plausible despite a lack of convincing evidence after more than a century of research for the existence of any psychic phenomena.[

The term parapsychology was coined in 1889 by philosopher Max Dessoir as the German parapsychologie.[13][14] It was adopted by J. B. Rhine in the 1930s as a replacement for the term psychical research to indicate a significant shift toward experimental methodology and academic discipline.[15] The term originates from the Greek: παρά para meaning “alongside”, and psychology.
In parapsychology, psi is the unknown factor in extrasensory perception and psychokinesis experiences that is not explained by known physical or biological mechanisms.[16][17] The term is derived from ψ psi, the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabetand the initial letter of the Greek: ψυχή psyche, “mind, soul”.[18][19] The term was coined by biologist Bertold Wiesner, and first used by psychologist Robert Thoulessin a 1942 article published in the British Journal of Psychology.[20]
The Parapsychological Association divides psi into two main categories: psi-gamma for extrasensory perception and psi-kappa for psychokinesis.[19] In popular culture, “psi” has become more and more synonymous with extraordinary psychic, mental, and “psionic” abilities and powers.

Question 3

Psychosis

Answer 3

Psychosis is a condition of the mind or psyche that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real.[3] Symptoms may include delusions and hallucinations, among other features.[3] Additional symptoms are incoherent speech and behavior that is inappropriate for a given situation.[3] There may also be sleep problems, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, and difficulties carrying out daily activities.[3] Psychosis can have serious adverse outcomes.[3