B6a Communicable (infectious) disease

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

A microorganism that causes infectious disease

Question 2

Name two diseases caused by bacteria

Answer 2

Gonorrhoea
Salmonella

Question 3

Give the symptoms of Gonorrhoea

Answer 3

Thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis
Pain on urination

Question 4

How is Gonorrhoea treated?

Answer 4

Antibiotics eg penicillin

Question 5

How can the spread of gonorrhoea be reduced?

Answer 5

Use barrier methods of contraception eg condom

Question 6

Give the symptoms of salmonella

Answer 6

Fever
Abdominal cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

Question 7

How do bacteria make you ill?

Answer 7

Damage cells
Produce toxins

Question 8

How can you get infected by salmonella?

Answer 8

Spread by bacteria in food, especially chicken

Question 9

How can the spread of salmonella be reduced?

Answer 9

Cook food to a high temperature - kills bacteria
Good hygiene eg wash hands/surfaces before preparing food
Vaccinate poultry against salmonella

Question 10

Give the common name for the disease caused by salmonella bacteria

Answer 10

Food poisoning

Question 11

Name the type of pathogen that causes rose black spot

Answer 11

Fungi

Question 12

What are the symptoms of rose black spot?

Answer 12

Purple or black spots on leaves
Leaves turn yellow and drop off

Question 13

How is rose black spot spread from plant to plant?

Answer 13

Water
Wind

Question 14

How can rose black spot be treated?

Answer 14

Fungicides - kill fungi
Remove and destroy affected leaves

Question 15

Why does rose black spot affect the growth of a plant?

Answer 15

Reduces photosynthesis
As less chlorophyll in leaves
Reduces amount of glucose made
Reduces growth of plant

Question 16

Name three disease caused by viruses

Answer 16

Measles
HIV/AIDS
Tobacco mosaic disease

Question 17

What are the symptoms of measles?

Answer 17

Fever
Red skin rash
Can be fatal

Question 18

How is measles spread from person to person?

Answer 18

Inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs

Question 19

How can the number of people who are infected be reduced?

Answer 19

Vaccination
Isolation of those infected

Question 20

What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?

Answer 20

Flu like symptoms

Question 21

Which cells do HIV viruses destroy?

Answer 21

White blood cells

Question 22

How is HIV transmitted between people?

Answer 22

Sexual contact
Exchange of body fluids eg used needles for injecting drugs

Question 23

How can HIV be treated?

Answer 23

Antiretroviral drugs

Question 24

What are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?

Answer 24

Decolouration of leaves (yellow and green patches)

Question 25

Why are TMV infected plants shorter than uninfected plants?

Answer 25

Reduces photosynthesis As less chlorophyll in leaves Less light absorbed Reduces amount of glucose made Reduces growth of plant

Question 26

Name a disease caused by a protist

Answer 26

Malaria

Question 27

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 27

Recurrent episodes of fever Can be fatal

Question 28

How does a person become infected with the malaria?

Answer 28

Protist spread by mosquito Protist injected into human when mosquito bites

Question 29

How can the spread of malaria be reduced?

Answer 29

Use mosquito nets to prevent mosquitos biting Use insecticides to kill mosquitos Drain land as mosquitos breeding in water Use insect repellent

Question 30

Give three ways in which the spread of disease can be reduced

Answer 30

Good hygiene Isolation of infected individuals Vaccination

Question 31

Name the 4 groups of pathogens

Answer 31

Bacteria Fungi Protist Virus

Question 32

Name two types of pathogen that can reproduce rapidly in the body

Answer 32

Bacteria Viruses

Question 33

How do viruses cause us to become ill?

Answer 33

Live and reproduce in human cells Cause cell damage

Question 34

What is the name for late stage HIV infection?

Answer 34

AIDS

Question 35

When does HIV change into AIDS?

Answer 35

Immune system badly damaged Immune system cannot deal with other infections and cancers

Question 36

Name a crop plant that can be infected by tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 36

Tomatoes