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Biology > B6 > Flashcards

B6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Allele

A

Alternative forms of a gene

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2
Q

Define gene

A

A section of DNA that determines an inherited characteristic.

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3
Q

Define genome

A

The complete genetic material of an organism.

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4
Q

Define gamete

A

Sex cell

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5
Q

Define chromosome

A

Thread like structures containing lightly coiled DNA

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6
Q

Define Dominant

A

A characteristic that is observed even if one allele is present

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7
Q

Define recessive

A

A characteristic that is only observed if no dominant alleles are present

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8
Q

Define Homozygous

A

The presence of the same two alleles

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9
Q

Define heterozygous

A

The presence of two different alleles

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10
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an organism

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical characteristics or an organisms genotype

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12
Q

What part of the cell does cystic fibrosis effect

A

Cell membrane

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13
Q

What happens in the cells before mitosis occurs

A

Each chromosome replicates

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14
Q

How many cells does mitosis produce?

A

2 daughter cells

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15
Q

How many divisions take place in mitosis?

A

1

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16
Q

How many divisions take place in meiosis

A

2

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17
Q

How much genetic material do these cells contain (mitosis)

A

46 chromosomes

18
Q

How many cells does meiosis produce?

A

4 daughter cells

19
Q

Define haploid

A

Gametes containing 23 chromosomes (half)

20
Q

Define diploid

A

Body cells containing a full set of chromosomes (46)

21
Q

Why is there little evidence of early life on esrtb

A

Many early life forms were soft bodied meaning there are not many traces left behind

22
Q

Define extinction

A

When there is no more individuals left of a species left

23
Q

What is mutation

A

The changing of the structure of DNA

24
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of different specifies in an ecosystem

25
Q

What is GM crops

A

Crops that are genetically modified by scientists to have desired characteristic

26
Q

Define the shape of Dna

A

Double helix shape. A twisted laddrr

27
Q

Which bases connect together

A

T,A. C,G

28
Q

4 main ways that extinction can be caused

A

New disease. New predator. Lack of food. Natural disaster

29
Q

Is sickle cell recessive or dominant

A

Recessive

30
Q

Is cystic fibrosis recessive or dominant

A

Recessive

31
Q

What is a genetic disorder

A

A disease which is passed on from parent to child

32
Q

Symptoms of sick cell

A

Tiredness shortness of breathe player skin and fainting

33
Q

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

Tiredness coughing build up of musics in lungs

34
Q

What happens in the cells before meiosis occurs

A

Each chromosome is replicated

35
Q

How much genetic information does each meiosis cell contian

A

23 chromosomes

36
Q

Why do meiosis cells contain 23 chromosomes

A

Because gametes contain this amount of chromosomes where is where meiosis occurs

37
Q

What is genetic engineering

A

A process that uses laboratory based technology to alter the DNA makeup of an organism

38
Q

The stages of natural selection

A

Variation ,inheritance , selection , time and adaption

39
Q

Adavantages of gm crops

A

Tastier food
Less use of pesticides
Faster growing

40
Q

Disadvantages if gm crops

A

Less nutritious
Toxicity
Cancer

41
Q

How can fossils be evidence for evolution

A

Shows how creatures evolved over time and showing that all species are related to eachother

Biology (2 decks)

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