B2.5 Simple inheritance in animals and plants

Question 0

What is ‘mitosis’?

Answer 0

Making two identical cells from the original cell

Question 1

What is cell division necessary for?

Answer 1

GROWTH of an organism or REPAIR of damaged tissues

Question 2

What is the role of chromosomes in mitosis?

Answer 2

They contain the genetic information (ALLELES) that is passed on to each cell.

Question 3

What are the differences in differentiation between animal and plant cells?

Answer 3

Animal cells differentiate early on, but plant cells maintain the ability to do this throughout their lives

Question 4

What is ‘meiosis’?

Answer 4

The making of Eggs and Sperm

Question 5

How many sets of chromosomes do gametes have? How many do body cells have?

Answer 5

Each gamete has one set of chromosomes, body cells have two sets

Question 6

What is a gamete?

Answer 6

A sex cell

Question 7

What happens when gametes join at fertilisation?

Answer 7

A single body cell is formed and develops by mitosis

Question 8

What is a stem cell?

Answer 8

An undifferentiated cell that can form a variety of different cells

Question 9

Where are stem cells found in humans?

Answer 9

In the embryo and adult bone marrow

Question 10

How could stem cells be used to treat paralysis?

Answer 10

By differentiating into new nerve cells

Question 11

What did Gregor Mendel work out?

Answer 11

How human characteristics are inherited

Question 12

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 12

DNA

Question 13

What structure does DNA have?

Answer 13

A double helix structure

Question 14

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 14

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 15

What is determined by the X and Y chromosomes?

Answer 15

The sex of a baby

Question 16

What are alleles?

Answer 16

Genes controlling the same characteristics

Question 17

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 17

An allele that masks the effect of another

Question 18

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 18

An allele where the effect is masked by another

Question 19

What is a Phenotype?

Answer 19

A physical appearance or characteristic e.g. Dimples or no dimples

Question 20

What is a genotype?

Answer 20

The genetic make up - DD, Dd, dd

Question 21

What is Homozygous?

Answer 21

Where bothe alleles are the same. E.g Homozygous dominant = DD

Question 22

What is ‘Heterozygous’?

Answer 22

When the two alleles are different Dd

Question 23

How many dominant alleles will a person need to inherit to get the genetic disorder?

Answer 23

Only one dominant allele

Question 24

What is polydactyly?

Answer 24

where a baby is born with extra fingers or toes

Question 25

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 25

production of a thick sticky mucus in the lungs

Question 26

What are genetic diagrams (Punnet squares) used for?

Answer 26

To predict the chances of inheriting a disorder

Question 27

What are the three different combinations of alleles?

Answer 27

AA, Aa, aa