B1 Understanding Ourselves COMPLETE Flashcards
What does it mean to be fit
It’s a measure of how well you can perform physical tasks
What does being heathy mean
Being free of infections or disease
How is the blood pumped around the body?
It is under pressure
It flows through arteries
How is blood pressure measured?
Mm of mercury
How can your blood pressure be increases
Smoking
Overweight
Too much alcohol
Stress
What can high blood pressure do to you?
Blood vessels burst
What does carbon monoxide do to the body?
Combines with haemoglobin to reduce amount of oxygen
High blood pressure
What does nicotine do to the body?
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
What do saturated fats do?
Cause a build up of cholesterol in arteries and plaque In the walls
Restricts blood flow and leads to a heart attack
What is carbohydrates function?
Energy
Fats fiction
Energy store and insulation
Protein fiction
Growth and repair
Vitamins and minerals function
Vitamin c prevents scurvy
Iron for haemoglobin
Waters function in the body
To prevent dehydration
What makes up a carbohydrate
Simple sugars such a glucose
What makes up fats
Fatty acids and gycerol
What makes up proteins
Amino acids
Too little protein causes
Kwashiorkor
How to calculate ear
0.6 x body mass
Name two eating disorders
Anorexia leads to self starving
Bulimia is binge eating then vomiting
What does bmi indicate
If you are under or overweight
How to calculate bmi
height squared
What causes infections disease
Pathogens
What does fungi cause
Athletes foot
What does bacteria cause
Cholera
What do viruses cause
Flu
What is a Protozoa
A single cell organism and dysentery is cause by it
How is malaria causes
Protozoa are parasites and live of other organisms host
The mosquito is the vector and carries the disease
It infects others by feeding on others such as biting humans for blood
What part of your body deals with pathogens
Immune system
3 lines of attack for white blood cells what a pathogen enters the body
- Consume them
- Produce antitoxins
- Produce antibodies on suface
How can you prevent and treat disease
Immunisation
What is active immunity
The immune system makes its own antibodies
What is passive immunity
When he body has antibodies made my annother organism such as babies being breast fed.
What do antibiotics do
Kill bacteria but no viruses
What causes cancer
Cells dividing out of control
What does benign mean
A safe tumour that grown till there is no more room and it’s not dangerrous
What is a malignant tumour
They are dangerous and data and stars throughout the body is not treated
What is a depressant drug?
Alcohol and solvents
Decrease brains activity and causing slow reactions and poor judgement
What’s a stimulant
Nicotine ecstasy caffeine
Offsite if depressants
They increase brain activity
What does alcohol do the body
It’s a depressant
Can be poisonous off too much to drank
It causes dehydration
Poor judgement, balance, speech and vision
What illness can smoking cause
Heart disease
Cancers
Cookers caugh
Low weight babies
How is heart disease cause
Carbon monoxide decreases oxygen to the heart
How is lung throat and oesophagus cancer caused
Tar collects in lungs and carcinogens collect and mutate DNA to cause malignant tumours
How is emphysema caused
Cilia in lungs and throat are damaged causing a cough
What does the cornea do
Refract light
What does the iris do?
Controls light entering the eye
What do rods in the eye do
Sense light
What do cones in the eye do?
Detect colour
How do we see distant objects
Ciliary muscles relax
Suspensor ligaments contact
Lens In a oval and less round shape
How do we see close objects
Ciliary muscles contact
Suspensor ligaments relax
Lens more round
What does binocular vision allow us to do
Judge depth
What does a reflex action mean
To stops you injuring yourself
You are unaware of the process
What are the7 steps of the central nervous system
Stimulus Receptor Sensory nerve DNS Motor neurone Effector Response
What do neurones do
Transmit info along the body with electrical impulses
What is homeostasis
It maintains a constant internal environment
What is negative feedback
A rise in body temp causes a response of lower temp
A change in environment cause a counteract response
What is the body optimum temp?
37 degrees Celsius
What happens when we get too hot
Hairs lie flat
Sweat
Blood vessels at the surface widen( vasodilation)
What happens when we get too cold
Hairs stand up
No sweat
Shivers
Blood vessels contacts vasoconstriction to keep body heat in
What happens if book glucose is too high
Insulin is added
What happens if blood glucose leves are too low
No insulin is added
What is insulin
It is a hormone and travels in the blood
What is type one diabetes
The pancreas produces little or no insulin and is controlled by injecting insulin
What is type two diabetes
The person because resistant to insulting and it’s controlled through food and diet
Name a plant hormone
Auxin and it controls growth at roots and tips
Shoots are …..
Positively photrophic and grow to the light
Shots are negatively …..
Geotrophic name grow away form gravity and the ground
Roots are positivity ……
Geographic and grow towards gravity
Roots are negativity …..
Photrophic and grown aways form the light and sun
How can plant hormones be used commercially?
As selective weed killers
To grow cuttings form rooting powder
Ripening fruit
Controlling dormancy in seeds that won’t germinate
What does a nucleus do?
Contains genetic info
Chromosomes come in what?
Pairs
We have 23
What do chromosomes carry
Genes and characteristics
A gene is a short what….
A short chromosome
What’s an alleles?
A different version of the same gene
How is a dominant gene shown
A capital letter
What do faulty genes cause
Genetic disorders
how can you remember the 7 steps of the central nervous system
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