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Biology > B1 Understanding Ourselves COMPLETE > Flashcards

B1 Understanding Ourselves COMPLETE Flashcards

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0
Q

What does it mean to be fit

A

It’s a measure of how well you can perform physical tasks

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1
Q

What does being heathy mean

A

Being free of infections or disease

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2
Q

How is the blood pumped around the body?

A

It is under pressure

It flows through arteries

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3
Q

How is blood pressure measured?

A

Mm of mercury

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4
Q

How can your blood pressure be increases

A

Smoking
Overweight
Too much alcohol
Stress

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5
Q

What can high blood pressure do to you?

A

Blood vessels burst

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6
Q

What does carbon monoxide do to the body?

A

Combines with haemoglobin to reduce amount of oxygen

High blood pressure

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7
Q

What does nicotine do to the body?

A

Increased heart rate and blood pressure

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8
Q

What do saturated fats do?

A

Cause a build up of cholesterol in arteries and plaque In the walls
Restricts blood flow and leads to a heart attack

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9
Q

What is carbohydrates function?

A

Energy

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10
Q

Fats fiction

A

Energy store and insulation

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11
Q

Protein fiction

A

Growth and repair

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12
Q

Vitamins and minerals function

A

Vitamin c prevents scurvy

Iron for haemoglobin

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13
Q

Waters function in the body

A

To prevent dehydration

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14
Q

What makes up a carbohydrate

A

Simple sugars such a glucose

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15
Q

What makes up fats

A

Fatty acids and gycerol

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16
Q

What makes up proteins

A

Amino acids

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17
Q

Too little protein causes

A

Kwashiorkor

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18
Q

How to calculate ear

A

0.6 x body mass

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19
Q

Name two eating disorders

A

Anorexia leads to self starving

Bulimia is binge eating then vomiting

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20
Q

What does bmi indicate

A

If you are under or overweight

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21
Q

How to calculate bmi

A

height squared

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22
Q

What causes infections disease

A

Pathogens

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23
Q

What does fungi cause

A

Athletes foot

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24
Q

What does bacteria cause

A

Cholera

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25
Q

What do viruses cause

A

Flu

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26
Q

What is a Protozoa

A

A single cell organism and dysentery is cause by it

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27
Q

How is malaria causes

A

Protozoa are parasites and live of other organisms host
The mosquito is the vector and carries the disease
It infects others by feeding on others such as biting humans for blood

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28
Q

What part of your body deals with pathogens

A

Immune system

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29
Q

3 lines of attack for white blood cells what a pathogen enters the body

A
  1. Consume them
  2. Produce antitoxins
  3. Produce antibodies on suface
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30
Q

How can you prevent and treat disease

A

Immunisation

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31
Q

What is active immunity

A

The immune system makes its own antibodies

32
Q

What is passive immunity

A

When he body has antibodies made my annother organism such as babies being breast fed.

33
Q

What do antibiotics do

A

Kill bacteria but no viruses

34
Q

What causes cancer

A

Cells dividing out of control

35
Q

What does benign mean

A

A safe tumour that grown till there is no more room and it’s not dangerrous

36
Q

What is a malignant tumour

A

They are dangerous and data and stars throughout the body is not treated

37
Q

What is a depressant drug?

A

Alcohol and solvents

Decrease brains activity and causing slow reactions and poor judgement

38
Q

What’s a stimulant

A

Nicotine ecstasy caffeine
Offsite if depressants
They increase brain activity

39
Q

What does alcohol do the body

A

It’s a depressant
Can be poisonous off too much to drank
It causes dehydration
Poor judgement, balance, speech and vision

40
Q

What illness can smoking cause

A

Heart disease

Cancers

Cookers caugh
Low weight babies

41
Q

How is heart disease cause

A

Carbon monoxide decreases oxygen to the heart

42
Q

How is lung throat and oesophagus cancer caused

A

Tar collects in lungs and carcinogens collect and mutate DNA to cause malignant tumours

43
Q

How is emphysema caused

A

Cilia in lungs and throat are damaged causing a cough

44
Q

What does the cornea do

A

Refract light

45
Q

What does the iris do?

A

Controls light entering the eye

46
Q

What do rods in the eye do

A

Sense light

47
Q

What do cones in the eye do?

A

Detect colour

48
Q

How do we see distant objects

A

Ciliary muscles relax
Suspensor ligaments contact
Lens In a oval and less round shape

49
Q

How do we see close objects

A

Ciliary muscles contact
Suspensor ligaments relax
Lens more round

50
Q

What does binocular vision allow us to do

A

Judge depth

51
Q

What does a reflex action mean

A

To stops you injuring yourself

You are unaware of the process

52
Q

What are the7 steps of the central nervous system

A 
Stimulus
Receptor 
Sensory nerve
DNS
Motor neurone
Effector
Response
53
Q

What do neurones do

A

Transmit info along the body with electrical impulses

54
Q

What is homeostasis

A

It maintains a constant internal environment

55
Q

What is negative feedback

A

A rise in body temp causes a response of lower temp

A change in environment cause a counteract response

56
Q

What is the body optimum temp?

A

37 degrees Celsius

57
Q

What happens when we get too hot

A

Hairs lie flat
Sweat
Blood vessels at the surface widen( vasodilation)

58
Q

What happens when we get too cold

A

Hairs stand up
No sweat
Shivers
Blood vessels contacts vasoconstriction to keep body heat in

59
Q

What happens if book glucose is too high

A

Insulin is added

60
Q

What happens if blood glucose leves are too low

A

No insulin is added

61
Q

What is insulin

A

It is a hormone and travels in the blood

62
Q

What is type one diabetes

A

The pancreas produces little or no insulin and is controlled by injecting insulin

63
Q

What is type two diabetes

A

The person because resistant to insulting and it’s controlled through food and diet

64
Q

Name a plant hormone

A

Auxin and it controls growth at roots and tips

65
Q

Shoots are …..

A

Positively photrophic and grow to the light

66
Q

Shots are negatively …..

A

Geotrophic name grow away form gravity and the ground

67
Q

Roots are positivity ……

A

Geographic and grow towards gravity

68
Q

Roots are negativity …..

A

Photrophic and grown aways form the light and sun

69
Q

How can plant hormones be used commercially?

A

As selective weed killers
To grow cuttings form rooting powder
Ripening fruit
Controlling dormancy in seeds that won’t germinate

70
Q

What does a nucleus do?

A

Contains genetic info

71
Q

Chromosomes come in what?

A

Pairs

We have 23

72
Q

What do chromosomes carry

A

Genes and characteristics

73
Q

A gene is a short what….

A

A short chromosome

74
Q

What’s an alleles?

A

A different version of the same gene

75
Q

How is a dominant gene shown

A

A capital letter

77
Q

What do faulty genes cause

A

Genetic disorders

78
Q

how can you remember the 7 steps of the central nervous system

A 
silly- stimulus
reckless-receptor
snails-sensory
never-nerve
desert-DNS
multiple-motor
neurotic-neurone
elephants-effector
religiously-recpetor

Biology (6 decks)

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