B1 Key Concepts

Question 1

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 1

1. Animals
2. Plants
3. Fungi
4. Protoctists
5. Prokaryotes

Question 2

What are the main features of animal cells?

Answer 2

1. Contain a nucleus
2. No cell wall
3. No chloroplasts
4. Multicellular

Question 3

What are the main features of plant cells?

Answer 3

1. Contain a nucleus
2. Cell wall
3. Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
4. Multicellular

Question 4

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 4

Contains the genetic material which controls activities of the cell

Question 5

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

A gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place

Question 6

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

Holds the cell together and controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 7

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 7

The site of protein synthesis

Question 8

What is the function of mitochondia?

Answer 8

Provides energy for the cell

Question 9

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 9

To give support

Question 10

What is the function of choroplasts?

Answer 10

Contain chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis

Question 11

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 11

Used to store certain materials

Question 12

What are the adaptations of sperm cells?

Answer 12

1. Head contains genetic material for fertilisation
2. Acrosome contains digestive enzymes to penetrate the egg
3. The mid-piece is packed with mitochondria to release energy needed to swim
4. Tail enables sperm to swim

Question 13

What are the adaptations of egg cells?

Answer 13

1. Contains a lot of cytoplasm which has nutrients for the growth of the early embryo
2. Haploid nucleus contains genetic material for fertilisation
3. Cell membrane changes after fertilisation so that no more sperm can enter

Question 14

What are the adaptations of ciliated epithelial cells?

Answer 14

Cytoplasm form hair-like structures called cilia which beat to move mucus and trapped particles up to the throat

Question 15

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 15

Image size/actual size

Question 16

What are enzymes?

Answer 16

Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 17

What is the equation to calculate the rate of enzyme activity?

Answer 17

Rate = Change/time

Question 18

What is the test for starch?

Answer 18

Iodine

Question 19

What is the positive result for starch?

Answer 19

Blue-Black

Question 20

What is the negative result for starch?

Answer 20

Orange-brown (no change)

Question 21

What is the test for reducing sugars?

Answer 21

Benedict’s solution

Question 22

What is the positive result for reducing sugars?

Answer 22

Green to brick-red

Question 23

What is the negative result for reducing sugars?

Answer 23

Light blue (no change)

Question 24

What is the test for lipids?

Answer 24

Ethanol

Question 25

What is the positive result for lipids?

Answer 25

Cloudy emulsion

Question 26

What is the negative result for lipids?

Answer 26

Colourless (no change)

Question 27

What is the test for protein?

Answer 27

Biuret’s reagent

Question 28

What is the positive result for protein?

Answer 28

Lilac-purple

Question 29

What is the negative result for protein?

Answer 29

Blue (no change)

Question 30

What is the formula for energy transferred in joules?

Answer 30

Energy transferred = (mass of water x 4.2 x temperature)/mass of food

Question 31

What is diffusion?

Answer 31

The movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane

Question 32

What is osmosis?

Answer 32

The movement of water from a higher water potential to a lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Question 33

What is active transport?

Answer 33

The movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiration