Axillary Region

Question 1

Axillary Sheathe

Answer 1

Surrounds the nerves of the brachial plexus as well as the axillary artery
- the axillary vein is outside of the sheathe

Question 2

Definitions of the axillary region

Answer 2

Apex - ends in the CERVICOAXILLARY CANAL

Base - formed by the axillary fascia

Question 3

Cervicoaxillary canal

Answer 3

“tunnel” underneath the clavicle that the brachial plexus and axillary artery pass through
- before the axillary artery passes through the cervicoaxillary canal it is called the subclavian artery

Question 4

Branches of the axillary artery

Answer 4

Region 1 
	- Superior Thoracic Artery
Region 2
	- Thoracoacromial Artery
	- Lateral Thoracic Artery
Region 3
	- Subscapular Artery (Circumflex Scapular & Long Thoracic)
	- Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
	- Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
		- passes through quadrilateral space w/ radial nerve
		- anastomoses w/ anterior circumflex

Question 5

Progression of Subclavian artery (naming) from median to distal

Answer 5

Subclavian –> axillary –> brachial –> radial & ulnar

Question 6

Posterior Triangle of the neck

Answer 6

Bordered by the clavicle (base), sternocleidomastoid (medial), trapezius (superior)
- defines the region where the brachial plexus is found

Question 7

Major Nerve Branches of the Brachial Plexus

Answer 7

(lateral to medial)

Musculocutaneous - Axillary - Radial - Median - Ulnar

Question 8

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

Answer 8

• Injury to the upper brachial plexus (C5-C6 roots)
• occurs due to increase in angle between neck & shoulder
• results in arm adduction and medial rotation (pronation) of the hand
  
  • “waiter’s tip” hand position

Question 9

Klumpke Paralysis

Answer 9

• Injury to the lower brachial plexus (T1 & C8)
• occurs when the upper limb is suddenly pulled upward or if the limb is pulled on during birth
• atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles
  
  • “claw hand”

Question 10

Ligaments of the shoulder region

Answer 10

1. Acromioclavicular ligament
2. Corocoacromial Ligament
3. Corococlavicular ligament
   
   • very strong, clavicle breaks usually occur medially