Avian Anatomy 2 Flashcards
Do birds have a diaphragm
No
Where are the coelomic cavities formed
From 2 layers of lateral mesoderm
What surrounds the heart
Pericardial cavity
What surrounds the lungs
Pleural cavity
What surrounds the liver, stomach and intestine
Peritoneal cavities
Do birds have vocal cords
No, by a syrinx which is the organ of voice production
What are the tracheal rings like
Complete
What is the air flow like
Unidirectional
What are nares
Nostrils found in the beak of a bird and highly variable placement and organisation
Where are the nasal conchae
rostal, middle and caudal
Where does the infraorbital sinus fill
Hollow space in the skull
What are nasal glands
In marine birds and secretes NaCl solution
Where is a common place for injections
Infraorbital sinus
Where are nasal salt glands located
Located just above the eyes
What is the function of nasal salt glands
Extract salt from the blood which allows marine birds to drink salt water
What are roles of nasal cavity (4)
- Olfactory
- Particle filtration/trapping
- Water economy
- Heat economy
What cartilages are absent in the larynx
Thyroid and epiglottis
What is the syrinx
Organ of the voice
What kind of trachea do birds have
Bifurcating trachea
What does the mesobronchus consist of
Medioventral (cranial half)
Mediodorsal (caudal half)
Lateroventral (caudal half)
What are all the segments in the bronchi connected by
Parabronchi
What is the function of air sacs (3)
- Ventilate the lung - uni-directional movement
- Regulate body temperature
- Reduce specific gravity of the bird- relatively lighter for flight
Ventilation sequence
Inspiration 1 - drawn into caudal air sacs
Expiration 1 - pushed to parabronchi
Inspiration 2 - drawn into cranial air sacs
Expiration 2: pushed out to environment
What veins do you bleed birds from
Jugular
What type of birds have lymph nodes
Only aquatic
What does the thymus do
Has cellular immunity with T-cells
Where is the harderian gland located
Behind eye
What is the function of harderian gland
Immunity acting on antigens
Where are lymph nodes present
Wall of lymphatic ducts
