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Nervous exam 3 > Autonomic Nervous system/Neuroendocrine system > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous system/Neuroendocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

primary efferent neurons/ lower motor neurons of ANS reside…

A

entirely outside CNS

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2
Q

contacts between autonomic neurons and their visceral targets are…

A

much less complex than neuromuscular junctions

diffues hundreds of microns and affect large area

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3
Q

CNS control of ANS comes from

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

and

RETICULAR FORMATION

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4
Q

location of cell bodies of PREGANGLIONIC SNS neurons

A

intermediolateral cell column (lateral horn)

T1 to L2/3

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5
Q

Rami in and out of sympathetic chain ganglion

A

white comm. ramus: mylenated pregang. axons

gray comm. ramus: unmyelinated postgang. axons

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6
Q

sympathetic neurons contribute to…

A

almost all peripheral nerves.

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7
Q

How is the adrenal gland considered modified sympathetic ganglion?

A

secrete catecholamines directly into bloodstream

no PNS control

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8
Q

which of the ANS neurons are cholinergic/noradrenergic?

A

cholinergic:

PNS PREgang

PNS POSTgang

SNS PREgang

Noradrenergic:

SNS POSTgang

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9
Q

Targets of superior cervical ganglion (SNS)

A

HEAD STUFF

pineal gland

eye

pulp vasculature

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10
Q

how many alpha1 adrenergic receptor genes?

how many alpha2 adrenergic receptor genes?

A

3

3

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11
Q

function of alpha1 adrenergic receptors

A

contraction of smooth muscle:

blood pressure, baroreflex, temperature

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12
Q

alpha1 adrenergic receptors AGONISTS treat?

and give example?

A

hypotension

phenylephrine

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13
Q

alpha1 adrenergic receptors ANTAGONIST treat?

A

hypertension

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14
Q

alpha2 adrenergic receptors agonist?

alpha2 adrenergic receptors antagonist?

A

unclear

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15
Q

alpha2A adrenergic receptors appear to be important for…

A

agonist mediated lowering of blood pressure

sedation

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16
Q

alpha2B adrenergic receptors involved in…

A

hypertensive effects (opposite of alpha2A)

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17
Q

imidazole compounds…

A

lower BP

partial agonist of alpha2A adrenergic receptors (BP only, no sedation)

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18
Q

Beta1 adrenergic receptor

A

acts in heart to increase heart rate and BP

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19
Q

Beta2 adrenergic receptor

A

acts in lungs to induce bronchodilation and vasodilation

increase BP

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20
Q

Beta3 adrenergic receptor

A

adipocytes for lipolysis

relaxation of uterus and bladder

21
Q

beta blockers

A

treat hypertension and heart failure

antagonist of B1 AR

metoprolol, atenolol, propanolol

22
Q

beta2 adrenergic receptor Agonists

A

albuterol

treat bronchoconstriction (dilates) due to asthma

23
Q

CN with PNS components

A

3 (occulomotor)

7 (facial)

9 (glossopha)

10 (vagus)

24
Q

Targets that are SNS only

A

sweat glands

adrenal medulla

25
Q

sacral preganglionic parasympathetic neurons reside in…

A

intermediate gray zone

26
Q

enteric nervous system components

A

function independently

(can be modulated by PNS and SNS)

Myenteric/auerbachs plexus = muscle/peristalsis

submucus/meissner’s plexus = glandular secretion and chem. monitoring

27
Q

caudal div. of nucleus solitarius tract for…?

A

visceral sensory information

(less sensitive than mechanosensory information because there are 10x more of them compared to visceral sensory neurons)

28
Q

the only visceral information sento to higher orders that enters consciousness?

A

pain

29
Q

information received by hypothalamus?

A

descending info from higher order (cortex, etc)

ascending ingo from viscera/somatosensory

chemosensory info

30
Q

main functions of hypothalamus

(what does it regulate/control/coordinate?)

A

blood flow/volume

energy metabolism

temperature

reproductive functions

stress response

31
Q

parts of Anterior Hypothalamus

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

32
Q

function of Ant. Hypothalamus

A

deviations from set point

BP and blood comp.

cycles of activity

temp

repro

hormone levels

33
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus is…

A

circadian pacemaker

34
Q

middle hypothalamus parts

A

dorsomedial and ventromedial nucleus

paraventricular nucleus

arcuate and periventricular nucleus

supraoptic nucleus

35
Q

dorsomedial and ventromedial nucleus function

A

projections within hypothalamus to regulate complex integrative functions

36
Q

paraventricular nucleus contains…

A

both magnocellular and parvocelullar components that control post. and ant. pituitary glands

37
Q

arcuate and periventricular nucleus contains…

A

parvocellular NEUROENDOCRINE neurons

38
Q

Supraoptic nucleus contains…

A

magnocelullar neuroendocrine cells

39
Q

posterior hypothalamus parts (and their functions)

A

mammilary body (unknown)

posterior hypothalamic region (unknown)

tuberomamillary nucleus (histaminergic neurons controlling arousal and wakefulness)

40
Q

Parvocellular ENDOCRINE neurons:

A

indirectly control endocrine system by secreting regulatory hormons in LOCAL PORTAL CIRCULATION which feeds into ant. pituitary

41
Q

Magnocellular endocrine neurons:

A

secrete regulatory hormons DIRECTLY into general circulation via post. pituitary

vasopressin and Oxytocin

42
Q

Parvocellular autonomic neurons use

A

oxytocin and vasopressin (as neurotransmitters)

43
Q

parvocelluar endorine neurons release:

A

releasing hormones and release inhibiting hormones

(only prolactin is almost completely inhibitory)

44
Q

control of feeding and weight:

A

subject to control

set point for body weight

feeding partially controlled by hypothalamus

45
Q

ghrelin:

A

secreted by stomach,

signal for hunger

46
Q

leptin:

A

secreted by adipocytes

satiety signal

47
Q

POMC:

A

secreted bby hypothalamic cells in response to ghrelin and leptin

encodes POMC

48
Q

alpha-MSH:

A

neuropeptide

encoded my POMC

regulates satiety by binding to MCR4

Nervous exam 3 (2 decks)

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