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Skin/Musculo Week 2 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system innervate?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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2
Q

Location of the Preganglionic Neurons of the sympathetic nervous system

A 
Lateral Horn (Intermediolateral Column) of the Spinal Cord Grey Matter
	- T1 to L2
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3
Q

Location of the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

A
  • Cranial Nerves 3, 7, 9, 10
    • 10 = vagus nerve (very long)
  • Sacral Nerves 2, 3, 4
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4
Q

Pathway of pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron on way to chain ganglia

A
  1. Cell body in lateral horn of gray matter (T1-L2)
  2. Exits spinal cord via ventral roots
  3. Continues in spinal nerve
  4. Splits into ventral rami
  5. Exits ventral rami via White ramus communicans
  6. White ramus communicans goes to paravertebral/chain ganglia
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5
Q

4 Options for pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons (where do they go?)

A
  1. Ascend to terminate in a paravertebral ganglion at a higher level
  2. descent to teriminate in a ganglion at a lower level
  3. Traverse the sympathetic trunk w/OUT TERMINATING
    • splanchnic (visceral) nerves
  4. Terminate w/ ganglion @ the same level
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6
Q

How many PAIRS of white rami are there?

A

14 pairs –> from the pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves

- T1 to L2 = 14

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7
Q

Location of post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve cell bodies

A

a) paravertebral (chain) ganglia
b) pre-vertebral ganglia
- celiac ganglia
- superior mesenteric ganglia
- inferior mesenteric ganglia

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8
Q

How do post-ganglionic neurons axons leave the paravertebral ganglia?

A

Via Grey Rami Communicans

- form the paravertebral chain

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9
Q

How many grey rami communicans are there?

A

31 pairs (62 total) –> communicate w/ the 31 spinal nerves

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10
Q

Function of the Grey Rami Communicans

A

connect the entire sympathetic chain

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11
Q

Cervical Ganglia

  • number?
  • names?
  • functions?
A
  • 3 cervical paravertebral ganglia
  • Superior cervical ganglia**
    Middle cervical ganglia
    Inferior (stellate) cervical ganglion
  • Superior Cervical ganglion is the largest because it also supplies innervation to the head via cephalic arterial branches (rami)
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12
Q

Cephalic Arterial Branches (rami)

A

Post-ganglionic sympathetic axons (visceral motor) conveyed to the head via the arteries supplying the head

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13
Q

Cardiopulmonary nerves

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate heart, lungs, & esophagus

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14
Q

How do postganglionic axons leave the paravertebral ganglia?

A
  1. Grey Rami Communicans
  2. Cephalic Arterial Branches (rami)
  3. Cardiopulmonary nerves
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15
Q

What are the Pre-vertebral Ganglia (3)

A
  1. Celiac Ganglion
  2. Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
  3. Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
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16
Q

Function of the prevertebral ganglia

A
  1. Receive pre-ganglionic sympathetic input via splanchnic (visceral) nerves
  2. Post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves are located in the pre-vertebral ganglia and send axons to the organ of innervation
17
Q

Adrenal Gland (unique innervation)

A

The adrenal medulla is directly innervated by pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves (via a splanchnic nerve)
- CELLS IN THE ADRENAL MEDULLA ARE EQUIVALENT TO POST-GANGLIONIC NEURONS!!

18
Q

Sympathetic Neurotransmitters

A

Pre-ganglionic Sympathetic = Ach
Post-ganglionic Sympathetic = Norepinephrine
- except sweat glands –> Ach
- adrenal medulla (equivalent to post-ganglionic sympathetic)
releases epinephrine

19
Q

Sympathetic Neurotransmitter receptors

A

a. Pre-ganglion to Post-Ganglion = Nicotinic Receptor
b. Pre-ganglion to adrenal medulla = Nicotinic Receptor
c. Post-ganglion to (smooth/cardiac muscle or gland) = alpha/beta receptors
- alpha1/beta1 are excitatory
- alpha2/beta2 are inhibitory

20
Q

Pre-ganglionic cell bodies of para-sympathetic nervous system

A

CN III, V, VII, IX, X

S2,3,4

21
Q

Location of cell bodies of post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons

A
  • CN III, V, VII, IX
    • ganglia located in the head
  • CN X (vagus nerve) & S2,3,4
    • pre-ganglionic neurons have long axons w/ post-ganglionic neurons synapsing near or on the innervated organ
22
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitters

A

Both pre AND post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons release Ach

23
Q

Parasympathetic receptors

A

a. between pre & post-ganglionic nerves = nicotinic receptor

b. between post-ganglionic & organ = muscarinic receptor

24
Q

Enteric Nervous System

- Where are the nerve cell bodies from

A
  • Nerve cell bodies are post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons
    • example of terminal ganglion near the organ of innervation

Skin/Musculo Week 2 (3 decks)

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