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Pharmacology - MT > Autonomic Drugs - MT > Flashcards

Autonomic Drugs - MT Flashcards

1
Q

Mixed alpha and beta, direct acting, adrenergic agonist

A

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

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2
Q

Alpha 2 selective, direct acting adrenergic agonist

A

Clonidine

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3
Q

Beta 2 selective, direct acting adrenergic agonist

A

Terbutaline

Isoproterenol

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4
Q

Indirect acting adrenergic agonist

A

Amphetamine

Cocaine

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5
Q

Dual-acting adrenergic agonist

A

Ephedrine

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6
Q

Nonselective alpha adrenergic antagonist

A

Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine

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7
Q

Alpha 1 selective adrenergic antagonist

A

Prazosin

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8
Q

Nonselective beta adrenergic antagonist

A

Propanolol

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9
Q

Beta 1 selective adrenergic antagonist

A

Metoprolol

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10
Q

All preganglionic fibers (parasympathetic and sympathetic) outside the CNS

A

Acetylcholine

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11
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic

A

Acetylcholine

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12
Q

Sweat glands
Piloerector muscles
Few blood vessels

A

Acetylcholine

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13
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

Adrenergic

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14
Q

Platelets aggregation

A

Alpha 2

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15
Q

Ligand gated ion channels

A

Acetylcholine nicotinic receptors

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16
Q

G protein coupled

A

Acetylcholine muscarinic receptors
Adenosine
Dopamine
Adrenergic

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17
Q

Alpha _ postsynaptic receptors

Excitatory

A

Alpha 1

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18
Q

Alpha _ presynaptic

Feedback inhibition on the release of NE

A

Alpha 2

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19
Q

Excitatory to heart and fat cells

A

Beta 1 receptors

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20
Q

Inhibitory to smooth muscles and glands

A

Beta 2 receptors

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21
Q

Found in the autonomic ganglia and CNS

A

M1 receptors

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22
Q

Supraventricular parts of the heart

Inhibitory

A

M2

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23
Q

Smooth muscle, glands, endothelial cells of the vasculature

A

M3 receptors

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24
Q

Naturally occurring alkaloids
Direct acting muscarinic
Cholinergic agonist

A

Muscarine
Arecoline
Pilocarpine

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25
Q

Synthetic alkaloids
Direct-acting muscarinic
Cholinergic agonist

A

Carbachol

Betanechol

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26
Q

Short acting

Indirect acting muscarinic

A

Edrophonium

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27
Q

Indirecting acting muscarinic

A

AchE inhibitors

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28
Q

Medium acting

Indirect acting muscarinic

A

Neostigmine

Physostigmine

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29
Q

Long acting

Indirect acting muscarinic

A

Organophosphates

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30
Q

Antimuscarinic

Cholinergic antagonist

A

Belladona alkaloids

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31
Q

Antinicotinic

Cholinergic antagonist

A

Nondepolarizing NMB

Ganglionic blockers

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32
Q

Used in asthma and other allergic diseases
Relaxes airways
Reduces swelling

A

Epinephrine

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33
Q

Act directly on both alpha and beta receptors

A

Epinephrine

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34
Q

Causes release of noradrenaline

A

Pseudoephedrine

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35
Q

Used as treatment for rhinitis and colds as a decongestant

A

Pseudoephedrine

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36
Q

Acts directly on alpha receptors
Selective alpha 1 agonist
Used as decongestant in rhinitis and colds

A

Phenylephrine

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37
Q

2 adrenergic agonists

Used as decongestant for rhinitis and colds

A

Pseudoephedrine

Phenylephrine

38
Q

Causes accumulation of noradrenaline at the synapses

A

Amphetamine

39
Q

No longer used clinically

For treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficiency hyperkinesia

A

Amphetamines

40
Q

Acts indirectly on both alpha and beta receptors

Causes release of endogenous catecholamines

A

Ephedrine

41
Q

Used as vasopressor

A

Ephedrine

42
Q

Selective beta 2 agonist

Used as a bronchodilator in asthma and as a tocolytic agent in premature labor

A

Terbutaline

43
Q

Selective alpha 2 agonist

For treatment of hypertension

A

Clonidine

44
Q

Dopamine alpha 1 agonist with beta 2 agonist activity

A

Dopexamine

45
Q

Used for hemodynamic support in patients with low cardiac output (heart failure)

A

Dopexamine - dopamine alpha 1 agonist with beta 2 agonist activity

46
Q

Blocks the synthesis and storage of norepinephrine

A

Reserpine

47
Q

Used in the management of some types of hypertension

Side effect: sedation

A

Reserpine - blocks the synthesis and storage of norepinephrine

48
Q

Noncompetitively blocks alpha receptors

A

Phenoxybenzamine

49
Q

2 drugs

Used in management of malignant hypertension secondary pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine - Noncompetitively blocks alpha receptors

Phentolamine - Competitively blocks alpha receptors

50
Q

Competitively blocks alpha receptors

A

Phentolamine

51
Q

Selectively blocks alpha 1 receptors

A

Prazosin

52
Q

Used in the management of some types of hypertension

No reflex tachycardia and postural hypertension

A

Prazosin - selectively blocks alpha 1 receptors

53
Q

Nonselectively blocks beta receptors

A

Propanolol

54
Q

Used in hypertension, angina, migraine head and mitral valve prolapse

A

Propanolol - nonselectively blocks beta receptors

55
Q

Selectively blocks beta 1 receptors

A

Metoprolol

56
Q

Predominant effect are cardiac

A

Metoprolol - selectively blocks beta 1 receptors

57
Q

Selectively blocks dopamine 2 receptors

A

Metoclopramide

58
Q

Used as a powerful antiemetic

Acts by increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure and increasing the rate of gastric emptying

A

Metoclopramide - selectively blocks dopamine 2 receptors

59
Q

Acts directly on muscarinic receptors
Used as eye drops
Constrict the iris

A

Acetylcholine

60
Q

Acts directly on muscarinic receptors
Used as eyedrops
For treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine

61
Q

Acts directly on muscarinic receptors

For treatment of GI and bladder atony

A

Betanechol

62
Q

Acts directly on nicotinic NMJ receptors
Causes continuous stimulation of nicotinic NMJ receptors
Fasciculations followed by paralysis is a hallmark

A

Succinylcholine

63
Q

Depolarizing NMJ blocker

A

Succinylcholine
Acts directly on nicotinic NMJ receptors
Causes continuous stimulation of nicotinic NMJ receptors
Fasciculations followed by paralysis is a hallmark

64
Q

Fasciculations followed by paralysis is a hallmark

A

Succinylcholine

65
Q

Causes continuous stimulation of nicotinic NMJ receptors

A

Succinylcholine

66
Q

Acts indirectly on nicotinic receptors

Causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing acetylcholine that stimulates nicotinic NMJ receptors

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

67
Q

Causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing acetylcholine that stimulates nicotinic NMJ receptors

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

68
Q

Acts indirectly on nicotinic receptors

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

69
Q

Acts directly on nicotinic NMJ receptors

A

Succinylcholine

70
Q

Short-acting reversible

Used as diagnostic aid in myasthenia gravis

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Edrophonium

71
Q

Used as diagnostic aid in myasthenia gravis

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Edrophonium - short acting

72
Q

Moderately reversible

Used to reverse nondepolarizing NMJ blockers

A

Carbamates
Neostigmine
Physostigmine

73
Q

Used to reverse nondepolarizing NMJ blockers

A

Carbamates
Neostigmine
Physostigmine - moderately reversible

74
Q

Irreversible
Used in insecticides
Poisoning is treated with anticholinergic drugs

A

Organophosphates

75
Q

Used in insecticides

Poisoning is treated with anticholinergic drugs

A

Organophosphates- irreversible

76
Q

2 drugs
Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Naturally occurring alkaloids

A

Atropine

Scopolamine

77
Q

Used as anticholinergic agent to reduce salivation, increase heart rate, decrease gastric motility, cause mild bronchodilation and in treatment of organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors

78
Q

Treatment of organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
- anticholinergic

79
Q

Same as atropine
With more central effect
May cause mild sedation

A

Scopolamine - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors

80
Q

Synthetic ester
Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Same as atropine

A

Dicyclomine

81
Q

Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Used as mild bronchodilator in asthma therapy

A

Ipatropium

82
Q

Used as mild bronchodilator in asthma therapy

A

Ipratropium - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors

83
Q

Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Used as antispasmodic by decreasing gastric motility

A

Propantheline

84
Q

Used as antispasmodic by decreasing gastric motility

A

Propantheline - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors

85
Q

Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
Used as pre-operative medication to reduce salivation and maintain heart rate during surgery

A

Glycopyrrolate

86
Q

Used as pre-operative medication to reduce salivation and maintain heart rate during surgery

A

Glycopyrrolate - Acts directly as competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors

87
Q

Competitively inhibits acetylcholine at nicotinic NMJ receptors sites

A

Nondepolarizing NMJ blockers

  • gallamine
  • pancuronium
  • atracurium
  • vecuronium
  • rocuronium
88
Q

Causes nondepolarizing block of NMJ

Block can be reversed by increasing the amount of acetylcholine at the NMJ

A

Nondepolarizing NMJ blockers

  • gallamine
  • pancuronium
  • atracurium
  • vecuronium
  • rocuronium
89
Q

___________________

Lipid soluble and can easily penetrate the brain

A

Tertiary compounds

  • naturally occurring
  • synthetic esters
90
Q

Naturally occurring alkaloids (tertiary)

A

Atropine

Scopolamine

91
Q

Synthetic esters (tertiary)

A

Dicyclomine

92
Q

_______________________
Water-soluble
Do not penetrate the CNS well

A

Quaternary compounds

  • ipratropium
  • propantheline
  • glycopyrrolate

Pharmacology - MT (1 decks)

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