Attraction And Close Relationships Flashcards
What are the determinants of facial attractiveness?
Preference in common - high uniformity on facial configurations
Cultural differences
What is the importance of facial attractiveness?
More likely to have dates
Babies gaze linger at attractive female faces
Rated as more adjusted
Perceptive to be happier, more successful
What are the determinants of female physical attractiveness?
Child-like features (large eyes, small chin)
Mature features (big smile, prominent cheekbones)
Both men and women prefer women with feminine facial features
What are the determinants of male facial attractiveness?
Large eyes set wide apart
Small nose
Prominent check bones
Large chin
Angular jaw
More women preferred feline featured males than more masculine faces
How has attraction changed over time?
During 70s, undergrads rated beards as masculine, dominant, non-conforming etc
In 1991, rated clean shaven as younger and more attractive than bearded
2014 women and men voted beards as more attractive than clean shaven
What is the role of cu,literal factors in attraction?
Role in perception of attractiveness and human mate selection (bio factors important)
What is the evolutionary approach to attractiveness (Gangstad & Simpson)?
Humans spend time and energy on mating and child rearing. Men and women evolved conditional mating strategies guided by cues and signals. Women prefer men with facets signalling genetic benefit to offspring
What is the cognitive-evolutionary approach to physical attractiveness(‘’)?
Evolutionary processes favour women with a WHR 0.7 (large, signifies youthfulness, good health, fertility)
Cognitive processes are affected by cultural & ecological factors
Western societies believe heavy women ill but foraging societies believe thin women as ill and weak
What are cognitive evolutionary approach to facial attractiveness (‘’)?
Evolutionary process favour attributes close to population average
Cognitive processes favour typical a average faces
Average facets are attractive (averageness affect)
What did Rhodes et al 2001, find in their study of facial attractiveness?
24 adults rated set of 292 young adult faces where average SSI and symmetry had been manipulated. Rated 1 (not healthy-7 very healthy). Prefect symmetrical faces rated as healthy. Perceived health negatively correlated with distinctiveness. Perfect symmetry = good mate, distinctive face = unhealthy
What are attraction factors?
Proximity, familiarity, reciprocal liking, similarity, physical attractiveness
How does proximity affect attraction (Ji-eun S et al 2018)?
3 experimental studies show men liked women who were near by
Physical distance between people shapes attractiveness, findings support general idea proximity increases liking.
How does familiarity affect attraction?
The more exposure we have to someone, the more at ease we feel with them, increases liking/ attraction
More frequent exposure to faces of strangers increased liking (Jorgensen & Cervantes 2008)
How does reciprocity linking affect attraction?
Reciprocity principle - major determinant in attraction (Sprecher 1998)
Tendency to like people who like us and dislike those who dislike us
How does similarity affect attractiveness?
Attitude similarity - students complete attitude questionnaire before arriving at uni, measure attraction between students and changes over semester 1. Proximity and having similar attitude were important factor in determining attraction
Law of attraction - linear relationships between attraction toward a person and proportion of is similar attitudes shared with that person
