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Chemistry 10th Grade > Atoms > Flashcards

Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is Democritis

A

First to propose idea of atom

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2
Q

How was the word “ATOM” made?

A

“a” + “tomos+ = cannot be cut

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3
Q

What did Democritis base his idea of atom on?

A

solely on logic and was NOT supported by experiements

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4
Q

Who are Lavoisier and Priestly?

A

Created Law of Conservation of Mass

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5
Q

What is the law of Conservation of Mass?

A

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed

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6
Q

What is the law of definite proportions?

A

Copper carbonate always contains 5.3 parts copper 4 parts oxygen 1 part carbon by mass

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7
Q

Who is John Dalton?

A

School teacher that proposed the first modern-day idea of atoms

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8
Q

What is the law of multiple proportions?

A

If 2 elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in small whole # ratios

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9
Q

What are the four elements of Dalton’s Atomic Theory?

A
  1. Matter is composed of atoms which CANNOT be subdivided
  2. Atoms of same element are identical (size, mass, reactivity)
  3. Atoms combine to form compound sin simple whole # ratios
  4. chemical reactions involve the separation, combination, or rearrangement of atoms; it does not result in their creation or destruction
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10
Q

What are two electric charges

A

Positive and negative

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11
Q

What is the definition of an electrically neutral object

A

Objects with an equal amount of positive and negative charges

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12
Q

Objects with like charge

A

repel

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13
Q

Objects with opposite charges

A

attract

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14
Q

Electrostatic force becomes greater with more

A

charge

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15
Q

Electrostatic force becomes smaller with

A

more distance between the charges

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16
Q

Who is JJ Thomson

A
  1. Discovered the electron in 1897
  2. Determined the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron
  3. proposed the “plum pudding model” of the atom
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17
Q

What is the “plum pudding model”

A

Negative electrons are evenly dispersed throughout the atom

18
Q

What are two parts to Thomson’s Atomic model

A

Electron and sphere of positive charge

19
Q

Who is Robert A Millikan

A
  1. physicist who measured the charge of the electron

2. calculated electron’s mass

20
Q

What is the formula for electron’s mass?

A

9.11x10(to the power of -31)kg

21
Q

What experiment did Rutherford complete?

A

Gold Foil Experiement

22
Q

What are the parts of the Gold Foil Experiment Setup

A
  1. Gold Foil
  2. Detector
  3. Lead
  4. Source
  5. Alpha Particles
23
Q

What was the hypothesis of the gold foil experiment?

A

Thea-particles will pass straight through the atoms

24
Q

What was the outcome of the gold foil experiment?

A

Atoms

  1. must be mostly space
  2. must have a very small, dense area of + charge
  3. Protons have same charge as e-, but more mass
25
Q

How much more mass do protons have than electrons?

A

almost 2000x more

26
Q

What were Rutherford’s Problems?

A

H atom has 1 proton and he atom has 2 protons mass ratio should be 2:1 instead the ratio is 4:1…

there must be another particle

27
Q

Who discovered the Neutron?

A

James Chadwick in 1932

28
Q

What are two descriptions of the neutron?

A
  1. it is electrically neutral

2. has slightly greater mass than a proton

29
Q

A neutron has more mass than a…

A

proton

30
Q

What are three major differences between Modern Atomic Theory and Dalton’s Atomic Theory?

A
  1. atoms are divisible
  2. atoms of the same element are not exactly alike
  3. atoms CAN be changed from one element to another but NOT by chemical reations
31
Q

Atoms of the same element that are not alike can have different

A

masses (isotopes)

32
Q

Chemical reactions are also called

A

nuclear reactions

33
Q

What is the symbol for a proton

A

p+

34
Q

What is the symbol for neutron

A

n0

35
Q

What is the symbol for electron

A

e-

36
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton

A

+1

37
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron

A

0

38
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron

A

-1

39
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton

A

1

40
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

41
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron

A

0

Chemistry 10th Grade (4 decks)

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