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Chemistry > atomic structure & states of matter & group 1 & 7 & reactivity series > Flashcards

atomic structure & states of matter & group 1 & 7 & reactivity series Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three states of matter

A
  • solid
  • liquid
  • gas
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2
Q

what does the state of matter depend on

A
  • the material
  • the temperature
  • the pressure
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3
Q

describe the arrangement and reason of solid particles

A

close together in regular, fixed positions because of strong forces of attraction

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4
Q

describe the movement in a solid

A

they do not move - they have a definate shape and volume - but they do vibrate around a fixed point

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5
Q

describe the arrangement and reason of liquid particles

A

they are randomly arranged and free to move past each other due to weak forces of attraction

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6
Q

describe the movement in a liquid

A

liquids have a definate volume but not shape - they flow to fill the bottom of a container and constantly move with random motion

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7
Q

decribe the arrangement and reason of gas particles

A

they are free to move and are far appart due to very weak forces of attraction

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8
Q

decribe the movement in a gas

A

the particles move in straight lines and fill any container - constantly moving with random motion

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9
Q

what is the process where a solid turns to liquid

A

melting

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10
Q

what is the process where a liquid turns to gas

A

evaporation

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11
Q

what is the process where a solid turns to gas

A

sublimation

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12
Q

what is the process where a liquid turns to solid

A

freezing

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13
Q

what is the process where a gas turns to liquid

A

condensation

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14
Q

how does change of state work

A
  • when a substance is heated the particles gain more energy
  • they vibrate more weakening the forces that hold it together
  • they break free from their positions
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15
Q

what is diffusion

A

the gradual movement of particles from places with a high concerntration to a lower concerntration

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16
Q

how can potassium mangante and water demonstrate diffusion

A

the purple of the potassium mangante will spread out into the water

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17
Q

what do atoms contain

A
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
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18
Q

what is the relative mass of a proton

A

1

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19
Q

what is the relative mass of an electron

A

0.0005

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20
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

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21
Q

what do electrons orbit the nucleus on

A

electron shells

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22
Q

how do the numbers of protons and electrons relate in neutral atoms

A

there are the same number of electrons and protons

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23
Q

what does the atomic number of an atom tell you

A

the number of protons

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24
Q

what are molecules

A

groups of atoms

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25
Q

define an isotope

A

isotopes are different atomic forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but different umber of neutrons

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26
Q

how do you work out the relative atomic mass of isotopes

A

((mass number x percentage) of isotope 1 + (mass number x percentage) of isotope 2) / 100

27
Q

what speeds up diffusion

A
  • warming the mixture
  • stirring the mixture
28
Q

why can’t solids be compressed

A

because the particles are already touching - there are no air spaces

29
Q

describe how do group 1 elements react with water

A

vigorously

30
Q

what is the work equation for a group 1 element and water

A

lithium + water -> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

31
Q

what is the chemical equation for a group 1 element and water

A

2Li + 2H2O -> 2LiOH + H2

32
Q

desribe the trend of group 1 as you go down the group

A

they become more reactive and bigger atoms

33
Q

why are group 1 elements more reactive down the group

A

because the outermost electron is in a shell further away from the nucleus - there is less attraction - more easily lost - more reactive

34
Q

how many electrons are on the outer shell for group 1

A

one electron

35
Q

what is the name given to group 1 elements

A

alkali metals

36
Q

what is the name given to group 7 elements

A

the halogens

37
Q

what are the most common halogens

A

fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine

38
Q

desribe the physical trend going down the halogens

A

the elements are darker in colour and have a higher boiling point

39
Q

what state is fluorine at room temperature

A

pale yellow gas

40
Q

what state is chlorine at room temperature

A

green gas

41
Q

what state is bromine at room temperature

A

red-brown liquid with a orange vapour

42
Q

what state is iodine at room temperature

A

dark-gray solid with a purple vapour

43
Q

what is the trend going up the halogens

A

they are more reactive the smaller the atom - fluorine is most reactive

44
Q

how many electrons are on the outermost electron shell in the halogens

A

7 electrons

45
Q

why does the reactivity decrease down group 7

A
  • the outermost electron shell in a smaller atom is closer to the nucleus
  • more attraction
  • easier to attract another electron
  • more reactive
46
Q

what colour is bromine water

A

orange

47
Q

what colour is iodine water

A

brown

48
Q

what colour is chlorine water

A

colourless

49
Q

what is the formula for hydroxide

A

OH -

50
Q

what is the formula for nitrate

A

NO3 -

51
Q

what is the formula for carbonate

A

CO3 2-

52
Q

what is the formula for sulphate

A

SO4 2-

53
Q

what is the formula for ammonium

A

NH4 +

54
Q

what is the formula for ammonia

A

NH3

55
Q

when will a displacement reaction occur

A

when the element is more reactive than that in the compound

56
Q

what is the basic equation for an acid and a metal

A

acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

57
Q

how can you measure the reactivity of a metal

A

react them with dilute acids - the more reactive the metal the faster the reaction will go

58
Q

how do less reactive metals react with water

A

they react with steam instead
metal + steam -> metal oxide + hyrdogen

59
Q

how do I remember the reactivity series

A

Please Send Lions, Cats, Monkeys And Cute Zebras Into Hot Countries Signed Gordon

60
Q

what are the metals in the reactivity series

A
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • lithium
  • calcium
  • magnesium
  • aluminium
  • carbon
  • zinc
  • iron
  • hyrodgen
  • copper
  • silver
  • gold
61
Q

In redox in can be in the terms of electrons yes or no

A

Yes

62
Q

Is oxidation losing electrons or gaining

A

Losing electrons

63
Q

Is reduction losing electrons or gaining

A

Gaining electrons

Chemistry (15 decks)

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