art history general

Question 1

Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Domique

Answer 1

b1780-d1867; Classicism, embodied academic painting. Grande Odalisque-nude showed shocking originality, a reclining harem (ok because she was not French/one of us) nude outside narrative context; also departed Davidian style - elongated back-departures from reality to bring out the essence; c1814 Louvre; Salon of 1824

Question 2

Delacroix, Eugene

Answer 2

b saw himself as Classicist, but protagonist of Romanticism; Liberty Leading the People c1831 salon; (July 1830 overthrow of restoration govt& rise of Louis Philippe -king of the people); traveled to Morocco - Women of Algiers c1834; Moroccans Conduction Military Exercises 32;

Question 3

Courbet, Gustave

Answer 3

Realism; Burial at Omrnans c1850, Stonebreakers c1850, salon of 1850 criticized as common people, egalitarian; not popular at first - dark/grim; seascape series with impasto waves; Young Ladies on Banks of Seine 1856 - beginnings of modernism; private gallery with The Painters Atelier: a real allegory…

Question 4

Bonheur, Rosa

Answer 4

The Horse Fair c1853 Met; very popular, toured; feminist

Question 5

Millet, Jean- Francois

Answer 5

Realism; Peasant painting in the 2nd empire; The Gleaners 1857,

Question 6

Manet, Edouard

Answer 6

Realism/modernism - Luncheon on the Grass 1863 - controversial nude/prostitute refused by salon 63 (~Titian Pastoral concert 1508); Olympia 1863 (~Titian Venus of Urbino 1538)
Portrait of Emile Zola (with olympia in background) 1868 who supported his originality; A Bar at the Folies Bergere 1881 - mirror

Question 7

Whistler, James Abbott McNeill

Answer 7

Aestheticism - abandoning subject in favor of form; American moving to Britain; friend of Courbet; Symphony in White 1867, Nocturnes (landscapes) Nocturne in Black Gold (fireworks)- lawsuit on value of art - “knowledge gained in a lifetime”

Question 8

Bougeuereau, Wm

Answer 8

Academic - Young Girl Defending Herself against Eros 1880

Question 9

Breton Jules

Answer 9

Realism - paintings of peasants Song of the Lark 1884 AIC, peasant girl field/sunrise

Question 10

Bastien-Lapage, Jules

Answer 10

Naturalism (revised Realism observational wo political overtones & devoid of references to past art & with detail and finish typically peasant life)

Question 11

Monet, Claude

Answer 11

1840-1926; Impression, Sunrise 1872- powerful evocation of shimmering light and atmosphere. appears sketch-like but not, brushwork noted. plein-air painting - outside!
Women in the Garden c1866 - figures painted outdoors

Question 12

Renoir, Pierre-Auguste

Answer 12

Impressionist - first to apply broad brush strokes to portrait/figures. Ball at the Moulin de la Gallette 1876; 1880’s reached “end of impressionism” - studied Ingres/academic - Ingresque period. Timelessness and permanence.

Question 13

Degas, Edgar

Answer 13

Impressionist (but depends on definition used)- urban scene, The Dance Class 1874 less interest in light/atmosphere, more on field and perception of movement. Birds eye view maybe inspired by Japanese prints. Horse race pictures - master of moving horse

Question 14

Caillebotte, Gustave

Answer 14

1848-1894; Realism/Naturalist, leisure scenes link to impressionism. Paris Street, Rainy Weather (top hat, umbrellas) AIC; wealthy/purchased impressionism works core of dOrsay. male nudes

Question 15

Seurat, Georges

Answer 15

1859-1891; Neo-Impressionism; A Sunday at La Grande Jatte 1884 - river scene. resembles impressionist paintings of leisure. Oppositions of social class. pointillism- optical mixture

Question 16

Cezanne, Paul

Answer 16

1839- impressionist - A modern Olympia 1873 - rather abstract trying to be modernist; still-lifes using brushstroke to depict volume and mass but with distortion of reality/ perspective - falling off. C tries to convey eye motion, not single perspective 4D

Question 17

Van Gogh, Vincent

Answer 17

expressionist -