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oral biology > Arrangement of the dental tissues (OB1) > Flashcards

Arrangement of the dental tissues (OB1) Flashcards

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1
Q

cervical margin

A

margin between crown and root

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2
Q

apex

A

point of root

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3
Q

anatomical crown

A
  • full crown dimensions

- part of tooth covered with enamel

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4
Q

clinical crown

A

-part of tooth visible in mouth clinically

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5
Q

erupting teeth

A

clinical crown

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6
Q

gingival recession

A
  • clinical crown > anatomical crown
  • gum receeds back, revealing more of root
  • occurs with old age/disease
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7
Q

enamel

A
  • covers anatomical crown
  • outer surface like veneer
  • epithelial product
  • 96% inorganic (hydroxyapatite)
  • 2mm thick max
  • translucent
  • non-vital
  • hard (KHN 360-390)
  • brittle
  • made up of enamel prisms
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8
Q

amelodentinal junction

A

junction between enamel and dentine

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9
Q

dentine (and pre-dentine)

A
  • main bulk of hard tissue of tooth
  • underneath enamel
  • specialized (mineralised) connective tissue
  • hard (KHN 75)
  • strong and resilient
  • 70% mineral and 20% collagen (matrix)
  • > when initially formed = pre-dentine which is non mineralised and located beside pulp
  • collagen fibres run parallel to the amelodentinal joint
  • dentine is highly tubular (tubules are continuous with pulp)
  • > there are 15,000-65,000 tubules per mm squared
  • dentine is described as a vital tissue as it is alive and can respond as it contains nerves and tissues
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10
Q

cementum

A
  • thin layer of hard tissue covering root
  • mineralised tissue
  • mineralised specialized connective tissue
  • covers tooth roots
  • tooth support
  • resistant to resorption (movement)
  • > close to fibres and around the tooth ‘locking it in’
  • > force changes shape of bone however cementum remains in tact therefore orthodontics = small changes over long time
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11
Q

pulp

A
  • within cementum
  • specialized connective tissue
  • essentially a matured dental papilla
  • dentine is the calcified tissue of the pulp
  • pulp functions:
  • > dentine formation
  • > defence and repair
  • > sensory
  • as pulp is effectively enclosed in a rigid chamber (dentine), there is no scope for tissue to swell when inflamed
  • > packed full of nerves (contains the most pain producing nerves in the body)
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12
Q

ideal properties of tooth

A
  • strong
  • hard
  • wear resistant (abrasive diet)
  • resistant to chemical damage (acidic foods)
  • ability to respond to insult/damage
  • ability to repair itself to damage
  • aesthetic
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13
Q

chemical components of enamel

A
  • 96% mineral (calcium phosphate and hydroxyl groups/hydroxiyappetite - the hard part)
  • 1-2% matrix (organic component)
  • 2% water
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14
Q

chemical components of dentine

A
  • 70% mineral (calcium phosphate and hydroxyl groups/hydroxiyappetite - the hard part)
  • 20% matrix (organic component)
  • 10% water
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15
Q

chemical components of cementum

A
  • 65% mineral (calcium phosphate and hydroxyl groups/hydroxiyappetite - the hard part)
  • 23% matrix (organic component)
  • 12% water
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16
Q

chemical components of bone

A
  • 60% mineral (calcium phosphate and hydroxyl groups/hydroxiyappetite - the hard part)
  • 25% matrix (organic component)
  • 15% water
17
Q

methods of cutting through enamel

A
  • enamel bur (drill) needs to be able to cut through enamel
  • > high speed air turbine with either diamond or tungston carbide
  • unsupported enamel is easily fractured with a hand instrument eg. chisel (due to the enamel prisms, can fracture along a prism due to how brittle the enamel is)
18
Q

methods of cutting dentine

A
  • carious dentine = soft therefore cut with a bladed bur or hand excavator
  • sound dentine = less hard than enamel, there are two options for cutting sound dentine -> high speed diamond burs or low/high speed bladed bur
19
Q

dentinal tubules

A
  • dentine is highly tubular
  • the tubules are continuous with the pulp
  • tubules may contain:
  • > cell processes
  • > nerves
  • > fluid (which flows out)
  • there are between 15,000-65,000 tubules per mm squared:
  • > between 15,000-20,000 per mm squared at the amelodentinal junction (where tubule diameter = 0.5-1 microns, tubule distance apart = 15 microns, 4% of the surface is occupied by tubules)
  • > between 45-000-65,000 tubules per mm squared at the predentine (where tubule diameter = 2-3microns, tubule distance apart = 6 microns and 28% of the surface in this area is occupied by tubules)
20
Q

how do fillings stay in (methods of securing fillings)

A
  • mechanical (undercut), this method is destructive
  • ‘bond’ed to enamel by utilizing the structure of enamel by acid etch (which roughens the tooth)
  • ‘bond’ed to dentine by one of three methods:
  • > acid demineralisation (dissolves hydroxiappatite, acid permeates in and locks around the fibres)
  • > infiltrate collagen with resin
  • > penetrate tubules with resin
21
Q

gross anatomy of pulp

A
  • pulp horns within the crown
  • coronal pulp chamber (chamber between the radicular pulp in coronal section)
  • radicular pulp (within the root)
  • apical foramen (at apex/point of root/roots, pulp exits tooth at apical foramen/base of the tooth)
  • lateral canal (comes off radicular pulp)
  • > radicular pulp is treated by draining through pulp chamber then carrying out root canal treatment
  • > lateral canals cannot be filled
  • > if pulp dies off: treated by filling the space/sealing the space or getting rid of the space by tooth extraction
22
Q

dentine-pulp complex

A
  • dentine and pulp are linked embryo-logically, physically and functionally
  • dentine is porous therefore any material/procedure may irritate pulp, causing inflammation, however some materials are therapeutic eg. Ca(OH)2
  • > dentine is considered vital as it can respond to insult to protect the pulp
23
Q

cementum-enamel relationships

A
  • in 60% of cases, cementum overlaps the enamel
  • in 30% of cases, cementum meets with enamel
  • in 10% of cases, there is a gap between the cementum and enamel, exposing the dentine, causing sensitive teeth as the tubules are exposed (sensitive teeth = shooting pain from stimuli eg. hot/cold, sugary food, drinks)

oral biology (8 decks)

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