aos 1

Question 1

state

Answer 1

Refers to a group that has widely recognised sovereignty over a permanent population within defined territorial bounds.

Question 2

nation

Answer 2

Refers to a group that share common bonds based on culture, history or ethnicity, but who do not necessarily have widely recognised sovereignty.

examples:
Kurdistan in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a nation as a Kurds are united by the common bond of ethnicity and history, but who do not have internationally recognised sovereignty.

Question 3

sovereignty

Answer 3

Refers to the legitimate and widely recognised ability to exercise effective control over a territory.
This is the primary organising principle of global politics, which provides states with the authority to represent their territorial entity within the international community.
(self determination)
(non intervention)
(monopoly of violence)

Question 4

power

Answer 4

Refers to the ability to influence the actions of other global actors.

Question 5

Global governence

Answer 5

Refers to the rules, norms, institutions and legal arrangements that seek to facilitate cooperation and manage relations between states. It is carried out by IGOs.

Question 6

mulilaterism

Answer 6

Refers to the system of coordinating relations between 3 or more states, usually in pursuit of common objectives.

Question 7

Globalisation

Answer 7

Refers to the acceleration and intensification of exchanges of goods, services, capital and labour, which promote global interdependence. This has been facilitated by rapid changes in communication and technology.

Question 8

state aims

Answer 8

Safeguard and uphold its sovereignty, territorial integrity and national security. EG: China’s legalisation of ‘re-education camps’ for over 1 million Uighurs in Xinjiang in an effort to address the ‘Three Evils’, namely terrorism, separatism and religious extremism. This assists the CCP in consolidating control over the strategically important North West province and thus ensure its territorial integrity from the threat of East Turkistan Islamic Movement secession. 2. Pursue and achieve its fundamental national interests: EP, RR, IS.

Question 9

state roles

Answer 9

Defend its borders from internal (secession) or external (invasion) threats. EG: China in SCS/Xinjiang or Australia with OSB 2013. 2. Trade with other state actors to generate economic and material

prosperity and wellbeing for its citizens. EG: 2020 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)-a FTA with 15 member states in response to COVID-19. 3. Meet the needs of its citizens.

Question 10

regional groupings

Answer 10

Regional groupings have the capacity to pose a significant challenge to certain aspects of state sovereignty as they often entail/require the delegation or pooling of decision making power upwards to supranational authorities in order for member states to attain RG’s perceived benefits.
This was epitomised in 2017 when the European Commission ordered for Poland to rescind its controversial judicial reforms as it was deemed incompatible with EU standards (Copenhagen Criteria). However, this is a voluntary challenge to state sovereignty as member states ultimately decide whether to compromise aspects of their sovereignty in order to attain perceived benefits such as being within the EU Common Market, which fosters trade liberalisation and thus economic prosperity

Question 11

contested borders

Answer 11

Contested borders pose an almost intolerable challenge to state sovereignty as it not only questions the fundamental aspects of statehood, such as clearly defined territorial bounds, but can also impinge on a state’s ability to pursue economic prosperity. For example, the ongoing maritime and territorial dispute in the South