Antibiotics August 28, 2017 Flashcards
nitrofurantoin
Macrodantin, Macrobid
antibacterial
bacterial infection
inhibition of Acetyl Coenzyme A (interferes with metabolism of carbohydrates in bacteria)
diarrhea, fever, chills
metronidazole
Flagyl
antibacterial/antiprotozoal
bacterial infection
bind to DNA causing DNA strand breakage and death
seizures, neuropathy
sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim
Bactrim, Septra
antibiotic
bacterial infection
trimethoprim - blocks tetrahydrofolic acid (inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase)
sulfamethoxazole - inhibits dihydrofolic acid by competitive antagonism of para-aminobenzoic acid
diarrhea, rash
mupirocin (topical)
Bactroban
antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to bacterial isoleucyl transfer RNA synthetase
burning, stinging, pain
amoxicillin trihydrate
Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox
antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
diarrhea, rash
amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium
Augmentin (XR)
antibiotic
bacterial infection
amoxicillin - inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
clavulanate - binds to active sites of betalactamase enzymes (protecting amoxicillin)
diarrhea, rash
penicillin V potassium
Veetids, Pen-Vee K, V-Cillin
antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
hives, rash
clarithromycin
Biaxin (XL)
antibiotic
bacterial infection
binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis
diarrhea
azithromycin
Zithromax, Zmax
macrolide antibiotic
bacterial infection
binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis
diarrhea
cefuroxime axetil
Ceftin
cephalosporin antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
diarrhea, rash, hives, itching
cephalexin
Keflex
cephalosporin antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
diarrhea, rash, hives, itching
cefdinir
Omnicef
cephalosporin antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
diarrhea, vaginal moniliasis
cefprozil
Cefzil
cephalosporin antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
diarrhea, rash
ciprofloxacin
Cipro (XR)
fluoroquinolone antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase
diarrhea, sun sensivity, rash
levofloxacin
Levaquin
fluoroquinolone antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase
diarrhea, taste perversion, tendinitis and tendon rupture
ofloxacin ophthalmic
Ocuflox
fluoroquinolone antibiotic
bacterial infection
inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase
eye problems, blurry vision
minocycline hydrochloride
Minocin
tetracycline antibiotic
bacterial infection
blocks protein synthesis by competitively binding to 30S ribosome
burning stomach, teeth discoloration, sore tongue
doxycycline hyclate
Vibramycin, Doryx
tetracycline antibiotic
bacterial infection
blocks protein synthesis by competitively binding to 30S ribosome
sunlight sensitivity, teeth discoloration, sore tongue
clindamycin (oral)
Cleocin
Antibiotic
Infection (Bacterial)
Binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis
severe diarrhea, muscle pain, rash
oseltamivir
Tamiflu
Antiviral
Infection (Viral)
Inhibition of influenza virus neuraminidase and alteration of virus particle aggregation and release
Seizures, confusion, abnormal behavior
valacyclovir
Valtrex
Antiviral
Infection (Viral)
interferes with HSV DNA polymerase and inhibits viral DNA replication
creatine elevations, rash, hives, topical issues, etc.
acyclovir
Zovirax
Antiviral
Infection (Viral)
interferes with HSV DNA polymerase and inhibits viral DNA replication
N/V/H, abdominal pain
fluconazole
Diflucan
Antifungal
Infection (Fungal)
Cytochrome P450 sterol (C14 Alpha Demethylation) Inhibitor
abdominal pain, Diarrhea, taste perversion
ketoconazole
Nizoral
Antifungal
Infection (Fungal)
Impairs synthesis of ergosterol (fungal membranes), allowing increased permeability and leakage of cellular components
N/V, Severe Irritation
nystatin (topical powder/oral suspension)
Nystop
Antifungal
Infection(Fungal)
Antimycotic, Binding to sterols in cell membrane, changing membrane permeability
Topical AE-burning, itching, rash.
Oral AE-Diarrhea, GI Distress
terbinafine
Lamisil
Antifungal
Infection(Fungal)
Inhibits squalene epoxidase (involved in sterol synthesis in fungi)
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia
emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, cobicstat, and elvitegravir
Stribild
antiviral
viral infection
combination activity, interferes with HIV-1 DNA/RT/integrase
lactic acidosis, insomnia, abnormal dreams
hydroxychloroquine
Plaquenil
Rheumatoid Arthritis Agent/AntiMalarial
Malaria
Unknown (may raise certain pH)
Visual disturbances, blood dyscrasias
clotrimazole with betamethasone
Lotrisone
Topical Anti inflammatory/Anti fungal
Infection(Fungal)/Inflammation
Increase membrane permeability (permeating the chitin of the fungal cell wall).
Stinging, erythema, irritation of the skin
chlorhexidine
Peridex , Periogard
Antiplaque Rinse
Mouth Wash, Mouth Cleaning before surgery/apt
Disruption of plasma membrane of bacterial cell
Alteration of taste, mouth irritation, staining
