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Anatomy Week 5 > Anterior and Lateral Leg; Dorsum of Foot (Lect) > Flashcards

Anterior and Lateral Leg; Dorsum of Foot (Lect) Flashcards

1
Q

Which tarsal bone articulates with the long bones of the leg?

A

Talus

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2
Q

What is the name of the joint where the foot and leg meet?

A

Talocrural Joint

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3
Q

T of F: only the tibia is involved in articulation of the ankle with the foot?

A

False, both tibia and fibula are involved in the ankle joint

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4
Q

What surrounds the talus medially and laterally?

A

Medially - Medial Malleolus of Tibia

Laterally - lateral malleolus of Fibula

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5
Q

What forms the subtalar joint?

A

AKA talocalcaneal joint

articulation of the talus with the calcaneus and navicular bones

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6
Q

What movements of the foot are allowed at the talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint?

A

eversion and inversion

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7
Q

Describe inversion and eversion?

A

Inversion - turning of the whole sole of the foot inward

Eversion - turning of the whole sole of the foot outward

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8
Q

Describe pronation and supination in the foot.

A

Pronation - rotating the front of the foot laterally relative to the back of the foot

Supination - rotating the front of the foot medially relative to the back of the foot

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9
Q

What joint(s) are involved in pronation and supination of the foot?

A
  1. Tarsometarsal joint (at digit V)

2. Trasnverse tarsal joint (between navicular and talus)

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10
Q

What muscles are responsible for pronation and supination of the foot?

A

NONE - these movements are the result of body weight being transmitted to the feet in normal walking or running and standing on irregular ground

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11
Q

When is the only time a normal foot should be everted or inverted, and how does this differ from pronation and supination?

A
  • when the foot is lifted
  • Pronation and supination and terms to describe how the transverse tarsal, and tarsometatarsal joints move in order to place a PLANTED foot.
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12
Q

What is the deep fascia of the leg and what other fascia is it continuous with?

A

Crural fascia is continuous with the fascia lata

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13
Q

Why are fascias of the lower extremity stronger than those of the upper extremity?

A

They play an important anti-gravity role, they return venous blood against a gravity gradient as well as hold things in.

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14
Q

What are the three compartments of leg?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Lateral
  3. Posterior
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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A 
fibula (medial)
Anterior intermuscular septum (anteriomedial)
Posterior intermuscular septum (posterior)
crural fascia (lateral)
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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A 
Tibia (medial)
Fibula (posteriolateral corner)
Interosseous membrane (posterior)
Crural fascia (anterior)
Anterior IM septum (lateral)
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17
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Hallicus longus
Extensor Digitorum longus

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18
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

19
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment?

A

Deep Fibular N.

20
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral compartment?

A

Superficial fibular N.

21
Q

What leg muscle is unimportant and often absent?

A

Fibularis Tertius

22
Q

Where does the blood supply for the lateral compartment originate?

A

Fibular artery

23
Q

What two tendons cross behind the lateral malleolus of the foot?

A

Fibularis Longus and Fibularis Brevis

24
Q

Which muscle of the lateral compartment inserts on the lateral side of the foot?

A

fibularis brevis

25
Q

Describe the course of the fibularis longus tendon?

A

Crosses the underside of the foot to insert on the medial side of the foot (medial side of the cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal)

26
Q

Describe the course of the common fibular N?

A

From sciatic N. it continues around the neck of the fibula and enters the lateral compatment by passing between the attachments of the fibularis longus to the head of the fibula

27
Q

Where does the common fibular N. split?

A

after it passes through the attachments of the fibularis longus, it splits to superficial and deep fibular nn.

28
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial A and V

29
Q

What artery and vein branch into the anterior tibial A and V?

A

popliteal vessels in the popliteal fossa

30
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior leg from medial to lateral?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

31
Q

What muscle is a strong inverter of the foot and where does it insert?

A

Tibialis anterior, medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

32
Q

What prevents bowing of the tendons of the extensor muscles in the ankle region?

A

Two extensor retinaculae

33
Q

Which of the retinaculae of the ankle is an extension of the crural facia and what does it run between?

A

Superior retinaculae

Runs between the anterior borders of the fibula and tibia

34
Q

Describe the shape and attachments of the inferior extensor reinaculum.

A

Y - shaped

Laterally - attaches to calcaneus
Medially - medial malleolus (upper pt. of Y)
Medially - medial melleolus (Lower pt. of Y)

35
Q

What maintains the longitudinal arches of the feet?

A

ligaments and shapes of the bony articulation (no muscle contribution)

36
Q

How is the transverse arch maintained?

A

Tibialis anterior (ant. comp. muscle) and tibialis posterior (post. compartment muscle)

37
Q

What artery travels through the anterior comparmtent of the leg?

A

anterior tibial artery

38
Q

Describe the course of the anterior tibial artery?

A

passes forward through and aperture in the upper part of the interosseous membrane and enters and supplies the anterior compartment of the leg, it continues inferiorly to the dorsal aspect of the foot

39
Q

What artery gives rise to the dorsalis pedis and when?

A

The tibial artery changes names after crossing beneath the inferior extensor retinaculum

40
Q

What does the dorsalis pedis artery give rise to?

A

The arcuate artery (forming distal arch) and proper digital arteries

41
Q

What bone is affected by shin splints?

A

tibia

42
Q

What is a common cause of pain in the large bone in the front of the lower leg?

A

medial tibial stress syndrome (Shin splints)

Commonly caused by overworking bone tissue, muscles, and tendons

43
Q

What is the most common place for compartment syndrome in the leg and what are the symptoms?

A

anterior compartment

Excruciating pain and inability to dorsiflex toes

Anatomy Week 5 (9 decks)

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