Animal Form and Function: Pig Dissection Flashcards
Anterior
toward an animal’s head and away from the tail; opposite of posterior
Posterior
toward an animal’s tail and away from its head; opposite of anterior
Dorsal
toward an animal’s back and away from its belly; opposite of ventral
Ventral
toward an animal’s belly and away from its back; opposite of dorsal
Lateral
outer part of the body, part that is away from the center of something/body
Medial
situated near the median plane of the body or midline of an organ; opposite of lateral
Proximal
situated near the center of body or point of attachment; opposite of distal
Distal
situated away from the center of the body or from point of attachment; opposite of proximal
Superficial
situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it
Deep
extending far down from the top or surface
How do you determine if the fetal pig is male or female?
the male has a urogential opening caudal to umbilical cord, scrotal sac
the female has a urogential opening below tail base, only females have urogential papilla
Where are the sensory papillae found? Describe the funtion
sensory papillar are on ventral surface, they are used for feeding young for female
How can you tell the small intestine and large intestine apart? Describe the function of each
the small intestine is much larger than the large intestine; the small intestine digests food and absorbs nutrients; the large intestine absorbs water and vitamins, preps undigested material as feces, and holds lots of symbiotic bacteria
Where is the epiglottis found? What is its function?
it is the flap of tissue at the rear of the pharynx; it covers the trachea to prevent food entry into lungs
Where would you look to observe a pig gallbladder? What is its function?
you would look closer to the anterior, deep into the skin/body; it provides short term storage for bile (it is signaled to release later)
What structure increases the surface area of the stomach?
rugae(ridges)
What structure controls the passage of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine?
pyloric sphincter
What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
the diaphragm, a sheet-like muscle
What is the function of the spleen? Is it a digestive organ?
it is NOT a digestive organ, it’s an immune system organ that fights infection and breaks down expired red blood cells
Describe/Compare the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas
the exocrine function produces enzymes used to chemically digest food; the endocrine function produces hormones (insulin and glucagon) that control glucose level in blood
List the three regions of the kidney
the outer cortex, middle medulla, and inner-most renal pelvis
Describe the difference between the renal artery and the renal vein
the renal artery carries FILTERED blood from kidney to the posterior vena cava
the renal vein carries UNFILTERED blood from aorta to kidneys
Describe the function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
the ureter provides passage to storage in urinary bladder; the urinary bladder provides storage for urine; the urethra provides an exit for urine from the urinary bladder
List the functions of the circulatory system
transporation( nutrients, gases, wastes, hormones) and homeostasis( in body fluid, body temperature, immune system channels that protect body)
Describe the location and function of the coronary artery
on ventral surface of the heart; provides oxygen and nutrient rich blood to ventral portion of heart
What structure separates the right and left ventricles? Why is separation important?
the septum: it keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate
What is the function of the heart valves? List and desribe the location of each
it provides one way blood flow through the heart chambers
the right atrium is above the right ventricle
the left atrium is above the left ventricle
the left ventricle is below and to the right of the coronary artery, below the left atrium
the right ventricle is above and left of the coronary artery, below the right atrium
Describe specifically where gas exchange occurs in the lungs
across a large, moist exchange epithelium surface composed of alveoli
Describe the function of the thalamus
it is the processing center from the brain stem and spinal cord; it aids communication between cerebellum and cerebrum
Describe the role of the diaphragm in breathing
a sheet of skeletal muscle that contracts to enlarge the thoracic cavity(creating pressure for air intake/flow inside), relaxes muscle to decrease area in thoracic cavity and push air out
