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NORMAL ANIMAL EXAM 1 > Animal Domes > Flashcards

Animal Domes Flashcards

Species types

1
Q

Domestication

A

Animals around the house. Reproductive control by humans. Participation or people and animals with genetic change.

Exception cats: reproduce on their own

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2
Q

Domestication characteristics

A 
Diet (herbivore, omnivore) 
Growth rate (faster is better) 
Easy reproduction (
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3
Q

Characteristics of Domestication

A
  1. Diet (herbivore/omnivore)
  2. Growth rate (faster better)
  3. Reproduction (polygamy)
  4. Disposition
  5. Low panic tendency
  6. Social structure (herds, dominance pattern, no territories)
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4
Q

Exceptions of Domestication

A

Cats (diet), Geese (elaborate reproduction)

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5
Q

Changes in Domestication

A
  1. Coat/plumage color (behavior)
  2. retention of neotenic characters (remain cute)
  3. decrease in cranial capacity
  4. Increase genetic variability (i.e. novelty)
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6
Q

Transport Animals

A

Donkey/horse/bactrain camel/dromedary/llama, alpaca, yak

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7
Q

Wild Adaptation

A

Maintained and advantageous for Transport Animals

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8
Q

Why Domestication

A

70% of world depends on animals

30-40% agriculture is animal production

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9
Q

First Domesticated Animals

A

Dogs/Pigs

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10
Q

Taxonomy of Domesticated Animals

A

3-5 founder females

horses exception

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11
Q

Breed

A

group of domesticated animals, pheontypically similar enough to be grouped together. Interbreeding reproduces the parental type

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12
Q

Standardized Breed

A

breed that has an organization behind animal. Genetic isolation by design

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13
Q

Gentrification

A

removing population from original region and selecting it for uniformity outside original purpose (i.e. afghan hounds)

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14
Q

Industrial stock

A

subset of breeds selected for outstanding performance in narrow range of environment

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15
Q

Landrace

A

Genetic breed genetically isolated y default by cultural, geographic, communication factor. No organization (ADAPTATION IS KEY)

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16
Q

Feral

A

Domesticated animal returning to free-living state, subjected to natural selection.

Domesticated animals never return to status of wild animal and will always retain the smaller brain

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17
Q

General Pattern/Development

A

Domestication, then landrace or primitive breed, then standardized breed (maybe gentrification), then industrial stock.

Each step narrows genetic variability and increases predictability

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18
Q

Adapted Breed vs. Selected Breed

A

Adapted breeds is twice that of modern selected breed. i.e. small live animal > large dead animal

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19
Q

Breed Color

A

coloring will affect what is going on genetically, changing behavior (i.e. liver color in certain dog breeds)

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20
Q

Dog Domestication

A

camp following wolves, 100,000 BC in South east Asia
6 female ancestors
Key to domestication is dogs “read” people’s communication

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21
Q

Basal dog breed

A

village dog, lost genetic variation

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22
Q

Sight hound

A

Big eyes, don’t like pain,used for hunting for speed and sight
i.e. greyhound, whippet

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23
Q

Scent Hound

A

Smooth coats, bay while chasing, lop ears, hunting for smell

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24
Q

Pointer

A

bird hunting, liver color, European

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25
Q

Retrievers

A

lop ears, straight tails, retrieving is obedience

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26
Q

Spaniels

A

pointing, retrieving, docked tails

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27
Q

Terrier

A

docked tail, self-destructive, aggressive, control for rats and foxes

28
Q

Fighting

A

terrier offshoot, aggressive selection

29
Q

Herding

A

Heeler (back and drive), header (front and turn)

continental group

30
Q

livestock guardian

A

nonpredatory, dump dog, heavy and large, aggressive to novel stimuli, work independently

31
Q

Mastiff

A

guarding, fighting

32
Q

spitz

A

hunting, herding, fighting, drafting

33
Q

giant dog

A

rescue/giant (st. Bernard)

34
Q

Toy/Pets

A

Asian, spaniel, poodle, terrier

35
Q

American

A

Sled dog, chihuahua, Peruvian hairless, Carolina Dog

36
Q

Feral

A

generalist with tan and red short hair, curly tails, erect ears

37
Q

Sheep

A

Ovis aries, Asian/Middle East, 4 female founders, 10,000 BC

Milk, meat, packing, fiber, ceremonial

38
Q

Male sheep (RAM)

A

domestication changed hor, tail length, shorter thicker leg, bone, fatty deposits

39
Q

Goats

A

Iran/Iraq + Asia, 5 founding females, genetic changes through trade, color, twisted horns (from saber horns)

Meat, milk, ceremonial, religious

40
Q

African Dwarf Goat

A

Resistant to bacterial infection

41
Q

Cattle (Bovine)

A

Humpless, zebus, african

Domestication occurred 4 separate times, early was ceremonial, then milk/meat/draft

42
Q

Zebus

A

derived from humpless cow before domestication. Greatest diversity

43
Q

European solid colored

A

best ox

44
Q

Yak

A

Bos grunniens

45
Q

Buffalo

A

Bubalus bubalis; Swamp and River (2 domestication events)

46
Q

Deer

A

Poor domestication structure, limited to rut, become aggressive and dangerous when shedding velvet

47
Q

Raindeer/Moose

A

easily domesticated

48
Q

Swine

A

Antolia/Asia, 7000 BC, 7 different domestication. Curly tail disrupts wile mentality. First selected for fattiness, now for leaness or wilfeness. Local breed resemble local wild popluation

Meat, fat, industry, ceremonial

49
Q

Swine and Humans

A

used internationally, do not compete with humans for edible food
Compete with humans in industry

50
Q

Horse

A

4000 BC, pull (military, war), 77 ancestral mares, Single Stallion (mixing is early and great, but can maintain old and separate breeds)

51
Q

Paint/Quarter Horse

A

Fatal White Syndrome (genetic mutation specific to quarter and paint horses)

52
Q

Donkey (Ass)

A

5000 BC, for caravans, threshing grain, riding, packing, meat, milk

Majority of worlds equine
More tame than mule

53
Q

Camel

A

3,000 to 1,000 BC, Central Asia

Long lived, strong, desert adapted, Draft, meat, milk. Replace the wheel. Eat camels and horses in winter (storage of meat), ceremonial, social structure

54
Q

One humped (dromedaries)

A

Only domesticated exist, stock and heavy, 4-chambered udders), only in Indus valley

55
Q

Llama/Alpaca

A

4,000 to 3,000 BC, herding around 3500 BC
Peru and Argentina (Llamas) - domesticated guanaco
Peru (alpaca)

Wool is not alpaca fiber

56
Q

Llama/Alpaca

A

4,000 to 3,000 BC, herding around 3500 BC
Peru and Argentina

WHoo

57
Q

Cat

A

genetically different than wild cat (stimulus/reward arena)
separated by type, color, hair character
Cats choose reproductive process (passive)

58
Q

Ferretts

A

400 BC, aid in rabbit huntting

59
Q

Rabbits

A

1100 AD, help feed families, breed by monks, not meat (lint)

60
Q

Guinea Pigs

A

4000 to 1000 BC

Black coloring is nice

61
Q

Bird

A

Nest near humans, different than mammals, increase in size

62
Q

Chicken

A

Breed based on what it’s used for (egg-layer, meat, cock fighting)

63
Q

Duck

A

outlay chickens in eggs, meat, disease resistant

64
Q

Turkey

A

standard pest control

65
Q

Muscovy

A

Sterile hybrids of mallard

66
Q

Pigeon

A

4500 BC, extreme domestication

NORMAL ANIMAL EXAM 1 (2 decks)

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