Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE PE > Anatomy & physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & physiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

Define Synovial Joint

A

An area of the body where two or more articulating bones meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the role of Ligaments

A

Attach bone to bone, restricting movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the role of Cartilage

A

Prevents bones from rubbing together and causing friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the role of Synovial Fluid

A

Lubricates the joints and stops bones rubbing together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of Tendons

A

Join muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the four types of bones in the human body

A

Flat bones, long bones, short bones and irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name and describe the functions of the skeleton

A

1) support ( for muscles and vital organs)
Without support the body won’t be able to move
2) protection ( for vital organs)
Protection is crucial for both performance and long term health, reducing chances of injury
3) Movement
Occurs at joints, movement to move is needed for all sports
4) shape and structure (maintaining basic form of body)
Without this we won’t be able to move
5) Blood cell production ( takes place in bone marrow)
6) storage of minerals (essential for all major body functions)
Linked to general health of performer which affects sporting performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name and describe the 6 movements possible at the shoulder

A

Flexion ~ decreasing the angle of bones at a joint
Extension ~ increasing the angle of bones at a joint
Circumduction ~ a comical movement of a limb in a ball and socket joint
Adduction ~ movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body
Abduction ~ movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body
Rotation ~ a circular movement around a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the muscles that produce movement at the shoulder

A

Deltoid, pectorals, trapezius, rotator cuff and latissimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the muscles that produce movement at the elbow

A

Biceps and triceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the muscles that produce movement at the hip

A

Gluteals and hip flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the muscles that produce movement at the knee

A

Quadriceps and triceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the muscles that produce movement at the ankle

A

Gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define prime mover

A

The muscle that contracts to create movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Antagonist

A

the muscle that relaxes to allow a movement to take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define isotonic contractions

A

A muscle contraction when the muscle changes length. Can be eccentric or concentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define isometric

A

A muscle contraction when the length of the muscle does not change length when it contracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define concentric and eccentric

A

Concentric is when the muscle shortens

Eccentric is when the muscle lengthens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List adaptations of the alveoli that aid rapid gaseous exchange

A 
~ one cell thick 
~ short diffusion pathway 
~ moist cell wall 
~ large surface area
~ capillary network surrounds alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define residual volume

A

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define heart rate

A

The number of times your heart beats in one minute. Measured in bpm/ beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the four main sections in the heart

A

~ right ventricle
~ left ventricle
~ right atrium
~ left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define arteries

A

Muscular ward tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the working tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels which provide the site for gas exchange with the respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define veins

A

Thin tubes that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define gaseous exchange

A

The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define prime mover

A

Another name for the agonist muscle

28
Q

Define fixator muscle

A

The muscle which stabilises the attachment of the agonist in order to assist with movement

29
Q

Define isotonic eccentric contraction

A

The process of force production in the muscle where the length of the muscle increases

30
Q

Define agonist muscle

A

The muscle which contracts and shortens in order to cause a movement in a joint

31
Q

Define Antagonist muscle

A

The muscle which relaxes and lengthens to enable movement at a joint

32
Q

Define isotonic concentric contraction

A

The process of force production in the muscle where the length of the muscle decreases

33
Q

Define isometric contraction

A

The process of force production in the muscle where the length of the muscle does not change

34
Q

Define trachea

A

The windpipe which allows air to pass down the throat and into the lungs

35
Q

Define bronchi

A

The two branches at the end of the trachea which enter into the lungs

36
Q

Define bronchioles

A

The many divisions of the bronchi which lead to the alveoli

37
Q

Define alveoli

A

The last structure in the pathway of air which allows gas to be exchanged between the respiratory and vascular systems

38
Q

Define bursae

A

A sac filled with liquid, floating inside the joint, to reduce friction between tendon and bones

39
Q

Define flexion

A

A type of movement where the angle between two bones is reduced

40
Q

Define extension

A

A type of movement where the angle between two bones is increased

41
Q

Define abduction

A

A Type of movement where a limb is moved away from the midline of the body

42
Q

Define adduction

A

A Type of movement where a limb is moved towards the midline of the body

43
Q

Define rotation

A

A type of movement that can occur at a ball and socket joint and involves circular motion of the limb

44
Q

Define plantarflexion

A

Angle is reduced eg: standing on toes

45
Q

Define dorsiflexion

A

Angle is increased eg: pointing the toes upwards

46
Q

Define tidal volume

A

The amount of air breathed in and out during inspiration and expiration

47
Q

Define expiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air left in the lungs following normal expiration

48
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air that can be taken into the lungs following normal inspiration

49
Q

Define residual volume

A

The volume of air in the lungs after maximal expiration

50
Q

Define vital capacity

A

The maximal amount of expiration that can occur after maximal inspiration

51
Q

Define valve

A

A structure that prevents backflow of blood when under low pressure

51
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

The process by which the blood vessels become narrower in order to reduce the blood flow to the tissues that they supply

52
Q

Define vasodilation

A

The process by which the blood vessels become wider in order to increase the blood flow to the tissues that they supply

53
Q

Define Atria

A

The two upper chambers of the heart

54
Q

Define ventricles

A

The two lower chambers of the heart

55
Q

Define pulmonary artery

A

The artery which transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

56
Q

Define pulmonary vein

A

The artery which transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

57
Q

Define cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart each minute

58
Q

Define stroke volume

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each heart beat

59
Q

Define Heart rate

A

The number of heart beats that occur in a minute

60
Q

Define aerobic exercise

A

Any form of low to moderate intensity exercise where the energy demands can be met by the amount of oxygen taken in

61
Q

Define anaerobic exercise

A

Any form of high intensity exercise where the energy demands cannot be met by the amount of oxygen taken in and lactic acid is produced

62
Q

Define by - product

A

A substance which is not the primary outcome of a chemical reaction and has no beneficial use

63
Q

Define EPOC

A

An increase amount of oxygen which must be taken in, in order to make up for the oxygen debt

64
Q

Define hydration

A

The process of consuming fluid in order to avoid dehydration

65
Q

Define simple carbohydrates

A

A food source which can be broken down rapidly and provide energy for exercise

66
Q

Define DOMS

A

An acronym which stands for delayed onset of muscle soreness

GCSE PE (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions