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Yr 1 CVS > Anatomy of CVS > Flashcards

Anatomy of CVS Flashcards

1
Q

what does the mediastinum not contain

A

lungs

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2
Q

where does superior mediastinum end

A

T4

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3
Q

anterior relation of heart

A

sternum and costal cartilages 4-7

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4
Q

posterior relation of heart

A

oesophagus and descending aorta

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5
Q

lateral relation of heart

A

plaura and phrenic nerve

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6
Q

inferior relation of heart

A

central tendon of diaphragm

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7
Q

what vertebrae does the heart lie anterior to

A

T5-T8

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8
Q

where does the apex of the heart sit

and what is it made from

A

5th left intercostal space

midclavicular line

formed by the left venrticle

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9
Q

what forms the: right border of the heart

A

right atrium

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10
Q

what forms the: left border of the heart

A

left ventricle

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11
Q

what forms the: superior border of the heart

A

auricles and great vessels

SUPERIOR so only the Great Vessels and their auricals can sit there

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12
Q

what forms the: inferior border of the heart

A

right atrium

right and left ventricles

it’s inferior so needs all 3 to keep it up

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13
Q

what forms the: anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart

A

⅓ right atrium

⅔ right and left ventricle

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14
Q

what forms the: inferior (diaphragmatic) surface of the heart

A

right and left ventricle

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15
Q

what forms the: posterior surface (base) of the heart

A

left atrium

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16
Q

outer layers of heart

(from myocardium and out)

A

serous: visceral pericardium (epicardium)

pericardial space

serous: perietal pericardium
fibrous: dense connective tissue pericardium

opposite alphabetic order: Visceral- perietal- fibrous

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17
Q

where does the left and right coronary artery come from

A

left and right aortic sinus of ascending aorta

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18
Q

where does the left and right coronary artery run

A

coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus

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19
Q

what does the right coronary artery turn into

A

right marginal artery

posterior descending artery

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20
Q

what does the left coronary artery divide into

A

left anterior descending artery

circumflex artery

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21
Q

where do anastomoses occur

A

all on posterior surface of heart

ant+posterior descending

circumflex and RCA

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22
Q

Left coronary artery division: what does the circumflex artery supply

A

supplies left atrium and left ventricle

circumFLEXING to th LEFT

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23
Q

Left coronary artery division: what does the anterior descending artery supply

A

right and left ventricle

interventricular septum

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24
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply

A

right atrium

right ventricle

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25
Q

what does the left marginal artery supply

A

left ventricle

26
Q

what does the right marginal artery supply

A

right ventricle and apex

27
Q

great cardiac vein lies along side

A

ant interventricular artery

ANTERIOR as it’s great so important

ventricular as thats the main bit of heart so also important

28
Q

middle cardiac vein lies along side

A

post interventricular artery

29
Q

small cardiac vein lies alongside

A

right marginal artery

marginal so small

30
Q

where do all cardiac veins drain into

and where does it lie

A

coronary sinus

lying alongside circumflex artery

31
Q

coronary sinus drains into

A

right atrium

32
Q

anterior cardiac vein drains directly into

A

right atrium

33
Q

heart’s inherent rate of contraction is set by

A

purkinje cells in SA node

altered by ANS

34
Q

what does the phrenic nerve innervate

and what can it do

A

fibrous pericardium

parietal pericardium

carries pain

35
Q

what does the vagus nerve do

and what does it supply

A

parasympathetic innervation

of heart and visceral pericardium

36
Q

what do the sympathetic nerves come from

and what do they supply

A

cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia (T1-4)

heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium

37
Q

3 tunic of blood vessels

A

tunica intima,

media,

externa/adventitia

IMA/IME

38
Q

what makes up the endocardium and tunica intima

A

Epithelium + BM + Connective tissue

39
Q

what makes up the myocardium and tunica media

A

muscle and elastic tissue

40
Q

what makes up the epicardium and tunica externa

A

fibrous connective and epithelium

41
Q

what heart layer:

  • Lines heart chambers
  • Simple squamous epithelium sitting on basement membrane
  • Sits on connective tissue
  • Forms valves
A

endocardium

42
Q

what heart layer:

  • Cardiac muscle (Myocytes) –branching fibres
  • Striated muscle, lots of mitochondria, single central nucleus
  • Rich capillary bed
  • Muscle bundles in different planes (spiral) to close down chamber lumen
  • Myocytes connected by intercalated discs
A

myocardium

43
Q

what heart layer:

  • Simple squamous epithelium + BM + Connective tissue
  • Epithelium = visceral layer of serous pericardium
  • Epicardium contains main branches of coronary arteries
  • May be fatty
A

epicardium

44
Q

artery structure

A
  • Thick muscle wall
  • Smaller, rounded
  • Thin adventitia
45
Q

vein structure

A
  • Thin muscle wall
  • Larger, flattened
  • Thick adventitia
  • Valves –to prevent back flow = endothelial projections into lumen
46
Q

elastic arteries

A

large conducting –eg: aorta, common carotid,pulmonary

elastic fibres in T media in the form of laminae

secreted by smooth muscle cells

47
Q

muscular arteries

A

distributing arteries –eg: coronary arteries, radial, femoral

thick smooth muscle T media

2 well defined sheets called the internal elastic lamina (IEL) just under epithelium,

and the thin external/outer elastic lamina (OEL)between T.media& T. adventitia

48
Q

arterioles

A
  • Only 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in T. media
  • No IELor EEL
  • No T. adventitia
  • Rich sympathetic nerve innervation
  • Control blood flow to capillary beds (local)
  • Control blood pressure (systemic)
49
Q

capillary structure

A

very thin T. intima

No T. media

No T. adventitia

Pericytes

low BP

50
Q

what are pericytes

A

incomplete layer of cells surrounding capillary -have contractile properties which control blood flow

51
Q

types of capillaries

A
  • continuous
    • fenestrated
    • discontinuose
52
Q

what are sinusoids

A
  • Large diameter discontinuous capillaries
  • Found where large amount of exchange takes place- like the liver
  • T. intima contains phagocytic cells
53
Q

whats Arteriovenous (AV) shunts

and how are they made

A

Bypasses capillary beds

Eg.in skin for thermoregulation

by precapillary sphincter

54
Q

what forms vein valves

A

tunica intima

55
Q

superficial vs deep veins

A

Superficial:

Thick walled

No surrounding support

Deep:

Thin walled

Surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles

Superficial veins drain into deep veins

DVT

56
Q

where does lymphatics drain into

A

venous system

57
Q

lymph capillaries

A
  • Blind-ended capillaries
  • Lined by very thin endothelium
  • Anchoring filaments –fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open
58
Q

what are continuous cappilaries

and where are they found

A

controls exchange

found in muscle

59
Q

what are fenestrated cappilaries
and where are they found

A

has pores, filters molecules by MW/charge

found in endocrine glands and kidney

60
Q

what are discontinuous cappilaries

and where are they found

A

cappilaries with large gaps in membrane that allow passage of anything

found in liver , bone marrow and spleen

Yr 1 CVS (3 decks)

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