Anatomical basis of thrombosis

Question 1

How long does it take for the blood to circulate through the entire vascular system?

Answer 1

20 seconds

Question 2

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

Answer 2

Ascending= coronary arteries
Arch= brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 3

What are the branches of the superior vena cava?

Answer 3

Right brachiocephalic vein (R subclavian and R internal jugular) and left brachiocephalic vein (L subclavian and L internal jugular)

Question 4

What is the relative position of the venous system to the arterial system?

Answer 4

Anterior

Question 5

What is the position of the trachea to the oesophagus?

Answer 5

Anterior

Question 6

What are the causes of stroke?

Answer 6

Cerebral infarction (cerebral thrombosis/ embolus) and cerebral haemorrhage

Question 7

Which great vessels supply the head and neck?

Answer 7

Brachiocephalic trunk divides into right CC and SC
Paired common carotid arteries supply head and neck
Paired subclavian arteries supply upper limbs, head, neck

Question 8

When do the common carotid arteries divide into internal and external arteries?

Answer 8

C3/4

Question 9

What are the anatomical subdivisions of the brain?

Answer 9

Cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon (sensory relay station- hypothalamus and thalamus)
Brain stem (cardiac and respiratory centre, cranial nerves)
Cerebellum

Question 10

What is a gyrus?

Answer 10

Swelling

Question 11

What is a sulcus?

Answer 11

Slit-like furrow

Question 12

Describe the arterial system in the brain

Answer 12

Cerebral artery branches= anterior, middle, posterior, superior, anterior inferior, posterior inferior
Arteries come together to form basilar artery

Question 13

What is the circle of Willis?

Answer 13

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries connect

ring like structure at base of brain

Question 14

What are the 5 main arteries in the circle of Willis?

Answer 14

Internal carotid artery (left and right)
Anterior cerebral artery (left and right)
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior cerebral artery (left and right)
Posterior communicating artery (left and right)

Question 15

What is the difference between grey matter and white matter?

Answer 15

Grey= cell bodies
White= axons (myelination)

Question 16

What are the Brodmann’s Areas?

Answer 16

Primary motor (area 4)
Primary somatosensory (areas 1,2,3)
Primary visual (area 17)
Broca's area (areas 44, 45)
Primary auditory (areas 41,42)

Question 17

What is the motor pathway?

Answer 17

Corticospinal pathway
Control of voluntary and precise movement
Only 2 neurons for entire pathway with lower motor neurons in spinal nerves

Question 18

When do the upper motor neurons cross over?

Answer 18

Decussation of the pyramids (medulla oblongata)- right side injury= left symptoms

Question 19

What is the corticobulbar pathway?

Answer 19

Control of voluntary and precise movement in head and neck (cranial nerves)
Only 2 neurons for entire pathway, with lower motor neurons in cranial nerves

Question 20

Example of the corticobulbar pathway

Answer 20

Bells palsy- facial nerve paralysis

Question 21

What are the main routes for venous return to the heart?

Answer 21

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus