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Radiology > Anatomic Landmarks > Flashcards

Anatomic Landmarks Flashcards

1
Q

Width of the maxilla

A

Makes up the lower 1/3 of the orbit and extends all the way to the cervical area of the maxillary teeth

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2
Q

What is contained in infra orbital foreman?

A

Infraorbital nerve and artery

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3
Q

The interior nasal spine is a part of what bone

A

Maxilla

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4
Q

Foramen

A

an opening, hole, or passage that allows
the passage of nerves and blood vessels

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5
Q

Fossa (singular) (Fossae: plural)

A

a shallow depression or hollow in a bone

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6
Q

Process

A

a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue

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7
Q

Tubercle

A

a small, rounded projection or protuberance on a bone

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8
Q

Septum

A

a partition separating two chambers

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9
Q

Ridge

A

long, narrow, raised strip or elevation on a bone or tissue

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10
Q

Tuberosity

A

large, rounded projection or protuberance on a bone

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11
Q

Suture

A

is a type of joint between the bones of the skull

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12
Q

Maxilla

A

upper jawbone

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13
Q

Mandible

A

lower jawbone

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14
Q

Paired compartments of bone located within the maxilla

A

Maxillary sinus

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15
Q

The maxillary sinuses are located

A

Located above the maxillary premolar and molar region

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16
Q

Also known as the “Antrum”
• Air filled cavity

A

Maxillary sinuses

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17
Q

The maxillary sinuses Appears____ on an pano, and is located superior to the

A

radiolucent; apices of maxillary posterior teeth

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18
Q

Borders that outline and divide the maxillary sinus, this border is next to the apices of the max molars and premolars and is radiopaque on a pano

A

Floor of the maxillary sinuses

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19
Q

This can occur when the max posterior teeth are extracted. Antrum increases in size and drops down to the alveolar crest

A

Pneumatization of maxillary sinuses

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20
Q

Also known as the malar bone

A

The zygoma

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21
Q

Spine

A

A sharp thornlike projection of bone

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22
Q

Canal

A

A tubelike passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels

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23
Q

Sinus

A

A hollow space or cavity or recess in bone

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24
Q

Are fissues radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

Radiolucent

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25
Q
A

Mastoid process

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26
Q
A

Styloid process

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27
Q
A

EAM

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28
Q
A

Glenoid fossa

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29
Q
A

Articular eminence

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30
Q
A

Lateral pterygoid plate

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31
Q
A

Pterygomaxillary fissure

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32
Q
A

Maxillary tuberosity

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33
Q
A

Infraorbital foramen

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34
Q
A

Orbit

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35
Q
A

Incisive foreman

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36
Q
A

Anterior nasal spine

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37
Q
A

Nasal cavity

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38
Q
A

Inferior nasal conchae

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39
Q
A

Nasal septum

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40
Q
A

Hard palate

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41
Q
A

Maxillary sinus

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42
Q
A

Floor of maxillary sinus

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43
Q
A

Zygomatic process of the maxilla

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44
Q
A

Zygomatic arch

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45
Q

(The projection)

A

Hamulus

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46
Q
A

Infraorbital ridge

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47
Q
A

Infraorbital canal

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48
Q
A

Median palatine suture

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49
Q
A

Incisive foreman

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50
Q
A

Condyle

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51
Q
A

Sigmoid notch

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52
Q
A

Coronoid process

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53
Q
A

Mandibular foreman

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54
Q
A

Lingula

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55
Q
A

Mandibular canal

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56
Q
A

Mental foramen

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57
Q
A

Hyoid bone

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58
Q
A

Mental ridge

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59
Q
A

Mental fossa

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60
Q
A

Inferior border of the mandible

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61
Q
A

Internal oblique ridge/ mylohyoid ridge

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62
Q
A

External oblique ridge

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63
Q

The term lingula is derived from Latin lingua meaning____.

A

tongue

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64
Q

small, tongue-shaped projection of bone
seen adjacent to the
mandibular foramen.

A

lingula

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65
Q

The external oblique ridge is a

A

linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus to the molar region.

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66
Q

The internal oblique ridge is a

A

linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus.

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67
Q

The mylohyoid ridge is a

A

linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends from the third molar region downward and forward toward the apical area of the premolars.

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68
Q

The mandibular canal is a

A

tubelike passageway through bone that travels within the body or length of the mandible.

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69
Q

The mandibular canal extends from the

A

mandibular foramen to the mental foramen

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70
Q

The mandibular canal houses

A

the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels.

IAN, inferior alveolar artery, and inferior alveolar vein.

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71
Q

The mandibular canal appears as a

A

radiolucent band outlined by two thin radiopaque lines representing the cortical walls of the canal.

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72
Q

The mental ridge is a

A

linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible that extends from the premolar region to the midline.

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73
Q

The term periodontal literally means

A

“around a tooth.”

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74
Q

Periodontal disease refers to

A

a group of diseases that affect the tissues around teeth.

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75
Q

Healthy gingival tissues appear

A

stippled, pink, and firm.

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76
Q

Unhealthy gingiva may appear

A

swollen, red, and bleeding, and formation of soft tissue pockets is seen.

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77
Q

On a dental image, unhealthy alveolar crest is

A

no longer located 1.5 to 2.0 mm apical to the CEJ and no longer appears radiopaque. Instead, the alveolar crest appears indistinct, and bone loss is seen.

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78
Q

“The periapical image is recommended for the evaluation of periodontal disease” meaning

A

The author is emphasizing that the entire periodontium must be evaluated

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79
Q

Periodontium refers to

A

tissues that invest and support teeth, such as the gingiva and alveolar bone.

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80
Q

Lamina dura:

A

the thin, smooth cortical bone of the tooth socket

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81
Q

Alveolar crest:

A

The alveolar crest appears as a smooth, intact surface between adjacent teeth.

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82
Q

The normal healthy alveolar crest is located

A

approximately 1.5 to 2.0 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junctions (CEJs) of adjacent teeth

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83
Q

In the anterior regions, the alveolar crest appears

A

pointed and sharp and is normally very radiopaque

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84
Q

In the posterior regions, the alveolar crest appears

A

Rounded or flat and parallel to a line between adjacent CEJs

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85
Q

Periodontal ligament space appears ___on a pano

A

Radiolucent line between the root of the tooth and the laminate dura

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86
Q

Furcation involvment

A

bone loss in the furcation area-

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87
Q

Furcation

A

the area between the roots of multirooted teeth —may not be detected on a dental image because of the superimposition of buccal and lingual bone

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88
Q

Localized boss loss percentage

A

Less than 30

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89
Q

Generalized bone loss percentage

A

More than 30

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90
Q

Types of bone loss

A

Vertical and horizontal

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91
Q

Type of bone loss

A

Vertical

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92
Q

Type of bone loss

A

Horizontal bone loss

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93
Q

Severities of bone loss

A

Slight, moderate and severe

94
Q

the bone loss occurs in a plane parallel to the CEJs of adjacent teeth

A

Horizontal bone loss

95
Q

(also known as angular bone loss),

A

Vertical bone loss

96
Q

the bone loss does not occur in a plane parallel to the CEJs of adjacent teeth

A

Vertical bone loss

97
Q

The severity of bone loss is measured by

A

the clinical attachment loss (CAL).

98
Q

The CAL is a measurement of

A

the distance in millimeters from the CEJ to the base of the sulcus or periodontal pocket; the calibrated periodontal probe measures CAL.

99
Q

(Note: Clinical conditions, such as recession or gingival overgrowth, must be considered when determining___.)

A

CAL

100
Q

1 to 2 mm bone loss

A

Slight bone loss

101
Q

3 to 4 mm bone loss

A

Moderate bone loss

102
Q

5 mm or greater bone loss

A

Severe bone loss

103
Q

Dental images are used in the classification of periodontal disease.
• The updated American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) guidelines classify the amount of radiographic bone loss present to determine the stage of disease. Radiographic bone loss seen in periodontal disease is categorized as follows:

A

• Stage I Radiographic Bone Loss in the coronal third of the root < 15%.
• Stage II Radiographic Bone Loss in the coronal third of the root from 15% to 33%
• Stage Ill Radiographic Bone Loss extending to the mid-third of the root including vertical bone loss and furcation involvement.
• Stage IV Radiographic Bone Loss extending to the mid-third of the root and beyond including vertical bone loss, furcation involvement, and tooth mobility.

104
Q

Stage I Radiographic Bone Loss

A

in the coronal third of the root < 15%.

105
Q

Stage II Radiographic Bone Loss in the

A

coronal third of the root from 15% to 33%

106
Q

Stage Ill Radiographic Bone Loss extending

A

to the mid-third of the root including vertical bone loss and furcation involvement.

107
Q

Stage IV Radiographic Bone Loss extending

A

to the mid-third of the root and beyond including vertical bone loss, furcation involvement, and tooth mobility.

108
Q

Predisposing Factors for periodontal disease

A

medications, tobacco use, and various medical conditions

• Other factors
• Calculus
• Defective Restorations

109
Q

How to calculate RBL

A
110
Q

is typically the first sign of periodontal disease.

A

Inflammation of the gingival tissues

111
Q

Bone in gingivitis

A

No bone loss is associated with gingivitis; therefore, no change in bone is seen on the dental image.

112
Q

the alveolar crest is approximately___ to the CEJ.

A

1 to 2 mm apical

113
Q

If untreated, gingival inflammation may progress to

A

slight or mild periodontitis.

114
Q

This bone loss is caused by

A

uneven marginal ridges, open contacts, overhangs, poorly contoured restoration

115
Q

This bone loss is caused from

A

Overhang of amalgam restoration

116
Q

This bone loss is caused by

A

Calculus

117
Q

This bone loss is caused by

A

Poorly contoured stainless steel crown

118
Q

Small quadrangular bone (cheek bone) composed of dense cortical bone

A

Zygoma

119
Q
A

Zygoma

120
Q
A

Maxillary sinus

121
Q
A

Pneumatization of maxillary sinus

122
Q
A

Floor max sinus

123
Q

The floor of max sinus is radio__

A

Radiopaque

124
Q
A

Zygomatic process of the maxilla

125
Q
A

Coronoid process

126
Q

Appears diffuse and radiopaque band extending posterior from the zygomatic process of the maxilla (upper jaw)

A

Zygoma

127
Q

Bony projection of the maxilla which extends to articulate with the zygomatic bone.

A

Zygomatic process of the maxilla

128
Q

Appears as J- or U- shaped radiopaque located superior to the maxillary first molar region

A

Zygomatic process of the maxilla

129
Q

A marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible

A

Coronoid process

130
Q

Appears as a triangular radiopaque superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity region

A

Coronoid process

131
Q

The ONLY mandibular landmark that appear on the maxillary images

A

Coronoid process

132
Q

A rounded prominences of bone that extend posterior to the third molar region

A

Max tuberosity

133
Q

Appears as a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region

A

Max tuberosity

134
Q
A

Max tuberosity

135
Q

They are a bone projection extending posteriorly from the tuberosity

A

Lateral pterygoid plate

136
Q

Appears as a thin wing of radiopaque bone

A

Lateral pterygoid plate

137
Q

Small, hook-like projection of bone located posterior to the maxillary tuberosity

A

Hamulus

138
Q

Appears as radiopaque hook-like projection posterior of the maxillary tuberosity

A

Hamulus

139
Q
A

Hamulus

140
Q

Nasal openings (pear-shaped) located above the maxillary anterior teeth

A

Nasal fossae or cavity

141
Q

They are divided in the midline into two chambers (right and left)

A

Nasal fossae

142
Q

Appear as vertical radiolucent chambers bounded by bones

A

Nasal fossae

143
Q
A

Nasal fossae or cavity

144
Q

Vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right
and left nasal fossae
• Appears as a vertical radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity

A

Nasal septum

145
Q
A

Nasal septum

146
Q

A sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity

A

Anterior nasal spine

147
Q

Appears as V-shape radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity

A

Anterior nasal spine

148
Q
A

Anterior nasal spine

149
Q

Small bone projected into the inferior feature of the nasal fossae

Appear as bilateral radiopaque conchae structure

A

Inferior nasal conchae

150
Q

An immovable joint between the two palatine process of the maxilla

A

Median palatine suture

151
Q

Appear as a thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors

A

Median palatine suture

152
Q

A hole in the bone located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate

A

Incisive foramen

153
Q

Appears as a small radiolucent void between the roots of the maxillary central incisors

A

Incisive foramen

154
Q
A

Median palatine suture

155
Q
A

Inferior nasal conchae

156
Q
A

Incisive foramen

157
Q

Depression of the bone around the lateral incisor tooth

A

Lateral fossae

158
Q

Also known as “Canine
Fossae”

A

Lateral fossae

159
Q

Appears radiolucent bilaterally around the lateral incisor

A

Lateral or canine fossae

160
Q
A

Lateral fossae or canine fossae

161
Q
A

Inverted “y”

162
Q

Inverted “y”

A

Landmark where it divides the crossing of the nasal fossae and the maxillary
sinus

163
Q

The inverted y appears as

A

Appears as
radiopaque, upside-down Y and located superior to the maxillary canine

164
Q

A hole in the bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the premolar region

A

Mental foramen

165
Q

Appears as small circular or ovoid radiolucent apical to the mandibular premolars

A

Mental foramen

166
Q

What is below or near the apex of the second premolar?

A

Mental foramen

167
Q

A linear prominence of bone that is located on the external surface of the body of the mandible

A

External oblique ridge

168
Q

Appear as radiopaque band running
externally downward from the ramus

Typically ends around the third molar region

A

External oblique ridge

169
Q
A

EOR

170
Q
A

Internal oblique ridge/ mylohyoid ridge

171
Q

A linear prominence of bone that is located on the internal surface of the mandible and
extends downward and forward of from the ramus
• Appear as radiopaque band running
downward from the ramus
• This may continue as the “mylohyoid ridge”

A

IOR

172
Q

• A tube-like passageway through the bone that travels the length of the mandible
• Appear as a radiolucent band and is outlined with radiopaque lines

A

Mandibular Canal

173
Q

Appear bellow the apices of the
mandibular molar teeth

Also referred as the inferior alveolar canal

A

Mandibular canal

174
Q
A

Mandibular canal

175
Q

A depressed or scooped out area of bone that is located on the external surface of the body of the mandible

A

Submandibular Fossae

176
Q

Appear as a radiolucent area in the mandible molar region and below the mylohyoid ridge

A

Submandibular fossae

177
Q
A

Submandibular fossae

178
Q
A

Inferior border of the mand

179
Q

It is the inferior part of the mandible

A

Lower or inferior border of the jaw/ mandible

180
Q

The inferior border of the mand Appears as

A

radiopaque band/outline and dense cortical bone demarcating

181
Q

• Tiny bumps of bone that serves as a muscle attachment site
• Appear as a ring-shaped radiopaque that is located below the apices of the mandibular incisors

A

Genial Tubercles

182
Q
A

Genial Tubercles

183
Q

• A hole in the bone that is located on the internal surface of the mandible midline

• Appear as a radiolucent dot surrounded by the genial tubercles

A

Lingual Foramen

184
Q
A

Lingual foramen

185
Q

• A depressed or scooped out area of bone located above the mental ridge
• A radiolucent area located above the mental ridge

A

Mental fossa

186
Q

Is the mental fossa and mental ridge external or internal?

A

External

187
Q

• A linear prominence of the bone that extends from the premolar region to the midline of the mandible
• Appear as a thick radiopaque band that run through the mandible premolar to incisor area

A

Mental ridge

188
Q
A

Mental ridge

189
Q

Extra bone growth that appear like tiny hills that are covered with normal tissue

A

Tori

190
Q

Tori are Located on the

A

mandible and
maxilla(palate)

191
Q

Tori appear as

A

circular radiopaque areas on the mandible or palate

Sizes and quantities will vary

192
Q
A

Torus

193
Q
A

Tori

194
Q
A

Tori

195
Q
A

Cervical burnout

196
Q

What is in between the contacts of these teeth?

A

Calculus

197
Q

What is in between four and five?

A

Caries

198
Q

Type of restorations

A

Amalgam or gold restorations

199
Q

Amalgam fillings (silver fillings)- mixture of

A

metals (mercury, silver, copper, tin, and zinc)

200
Q

Gold fillings are usually

A

onlay and inlay made with full gold or gold alloys

201
Q
A

PFM

202
Q
A

Porcelain

203
Q
A

Metal crown

204
Q

Metal crowns can include

A

Can include gold, silver, titanium, or stainless steel

205
Q

Completed after endo, Helps hold onto more tooth structure for support
because may have lost internal tooth structure

A

Post and core/ pin

206
Q
A

Post and core/ pin

207
Q

Gap or space between crown and tooth
Does not sit or fit against smooth tooth surface

Can lead to re-decay

A

Open crown margin

208
Q
A

Open crown margin

209
Q

Gold filling are usually ___than amalgam

A

Straighter

210
Q
A

Post and core/ pin with pfm crown

211
Q

Abnormal hardening of the bone
Increases bone density
Is derived by various factors and can be benign or malignant

A

Bone sclerosis/ condensing osteitis

212
Q

Dentin is reabsorbed into the tooth canal

The nerves and blood vessels are absorbed

Rare occurrence and may come from trauma or undergoing extensive surgery

A

Internal resorption

213
Q
A

Bone Sclerosis/ Condensing Osteitis

214
Q
A

Internal resorption

215
Q

Root structures resorbs/loss of structure
Derived from many factors

A

Root resorption

216
Q
A

Root resorption

217
Q

Calcified masses that appear in the pulp
Vary in size and quantity
• Common occurrence with no problems

A

Pulp Stone

218
Q
A

Pulp stone

219
Q

Calcified or increase amount of calcium in the canal of a tooth

A

Pulp Sclerosis/ Pulp Obliteration

220
Q
A

Pulp Sclerosis/ Pulp Obliteration

221
Q
A

Tooth/ Root Fracture

222
Q

Disturbance in the formation of the tooth
Bend or curve that can be on the crown or root

A

Dilaceration

223
Q
A

Dilaceration

224
Q
A

Radiolucent area

225
Q
A

Impacted tooth

226
Q

Rare condition where improper tooth eruption occurs
• Tooth’s root is fused with underlying bone

A

Submerged/ Ankylosed Tooth

227
Q
A

Submerged/ Ankylosed Tooth

228
Q

Calcified tissue or buildup of cementum at the apex/ apices of the root

A

Hypercementosis

229
Q
A

Hypercementosis

230
Q
A

Attrition/wear

Radiology (1 decks)

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