Amir Sam's Mock Flashcards

1
Q

when suspecting diabetes insipidus, what are the investigations?

A
  • electrolytes
    • glucose - rule out DM
    • hypercalcaemia and hypokalaemia
  • water deprivation test

lithium causes DI because it causes hyperparathyroidism which increases circulating calcium

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2
Q

what is appropriate secondary prevention medication for a patient on AF who had a stroke?

A

anticoagulation

DOAC or warfarin

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3
Q

what is the threshold for treating hyperkalaemia?

A

ECG changes or K+ > 6.5 mmol/L

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4
Q

following a long lie, what is the expected CK indicating rhabdomyolysis?

A

>5,000-10,000 U/L

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5
Q

what is the effect of a thiazide on potassium?

A

hypokalaemia

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

explain NIV

A

CPAP - type 1 respiratory failure, pushed oxygen into the failing lung

BiPAP - type 2 respiratory failure, one pressure during insipration to push oxygen into the lung and another pressure to keep the bronchioles open during expiration to aid the expulsion of CO2

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8
Q

what investigations are needed to diagnose infective endocarditis?

A
  1. blood cultures
  2. (transoesophageal) echocardiogram
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9
Q

what is the first line medical treatment for overactive bladder urge incontinence?

A

oral immediate release anti-cholinergics

such as oxybutynin

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10
Q

what is the treatment for a male patient with slow AF and no comorbidities?

A

no treatment

treat men with a CHA2DS2-VASc score >1

CHA2DS2-VASc score = 1 in men, consider anticoagulation

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11
Q

anti-mitochondrial antibodies are present in which disease?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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12
Q

anti-smooth muscle cell antibodies are present in which disease?

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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13
Q

what is the time of onset for PSGN or IgA nephropathy?

A

IgA nephropathy - 2 days

PSGN - 2 weeks

‘IgA comes sooner’ - alphabetical

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14
Q

what are three treatments for acute gout?

A
  • NSAIDs
  • colchicine
  • prednisolone
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15
Q

agitation and restlessness in a dying patient

diagnosis?

treatment?

A

terminal restlessness

Rx - midazolam prn s/c injection or syringe driver

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16
Q

what areas of the brain usually show the earliest MR changes in alzheimer’s disease?

A

temporal lobe

17
Q

what is the treatment for TCA overdose?

A

sodium bicarbonate - to be given to patients with prolonged QRS complexes

18
Q

what are the signs of TCA overdose?

A

anti-cholinergic effect

  • urinary retention
  • dilated pupils
  • tachycardia (>100 bpm)
  • low BP