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F.Chem 6 - Organics 1,2,3 > Amines > Flashcards

Amines Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does further substitution happen when you produce amines from halogenoalkanes

A

The N atom has a lone pair of electrons = act as a Nucleophile

Further substitution happens with halogenoalkanes leading to 2• + 3• amines

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2
Q

Why is excess ammonia used when producing amines from halogenoalkanes

A

Reduces chance of further substitution happening producing 2 + 3 amines

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3
Q

Are amines more or less basic than ammonia

A

Stronger bases
The alkyl group (eg: CH3) increases the electron density on the Nitrogen as they are electron releasing = can accept H+ easier

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4
Q

Compared to ammonia how basic are aromatic amines

A

Weaker bases
Lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom delocalises into ring of delocalised pi electrons = decreases electron density on N atom = lone pair is less available to form dative bond with H+ ion

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5
Q

What type of reaction occurs when an amine is added to a copper complex ion

A

Acid base reaction

Forms a blue precipitate from a pale blue solution

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6
Q

What does an amide consist of

A

Carbonyl group , -C=O
An amino group , -NH2

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7
Q

What are amines

A

Thought of as NH3 but the hydrogens can be replaced by alkyl of Aryl(benzene) groups to produce primary - tertiary amines

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8
Q

2 ways to produce Amines

A

1- from halogenokanes + Ammonia

2- reducing Nitriles - LiAlH4

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9
Q

Conditions for producing amines from halogenoalkanes

A

Heat Halogenoalkane + Excess Ammonia in ethanol + under pressure in sealed container

CH3Br + NH3 = CH3NH2 + NH4Br

  • due to basic properties of NH3 it accepts eliminated hydrogen
  • HBr
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10
Q

State the simple equation of producing Amines from Nitriles + conditions

A

LiAlH4 - reducing agent
In dry ether

CH3CN + 4[H] = CH3CH2NH2

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11
Q

Why might producing amines from nitriles be preferable to halogenoalkanes

A

Lone pair on Nitrogen can keep substituting with halogenoalkanes = 2• + 3• amines

Reducing nitriles only produces 1 no chance of substitution due to nothing to substitute with the Amine

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12
Q

Conditions + reagents to produce Phenylamine from Nitrobenzene

A

Tin + Conc HCl
Heat under reflux

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13
Q

What does phenylamine look like

A

Amine - NH2 group replaces hydrogen on benzene carbon

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14
Q

Why can Phenylamine react with acid to produce salts

A

Lone pair on Nitrogen makes Phenylamine basic = accepts H+ to make it charged = can ironically bond to form salts eg: NH3(+)Cl(-)

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15
Q

What type of salts are produced from Acid + Phenylamine

A

Phenylammonium salts
C6H5NH3+

It’s positively charged so can ironically bond to form salts

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16
Q

What can be added to Phenylammonium salts to turn back to Phenylamine
- You should do this most times when forming Phenylamine from Nitrobenzene as the HCl used will react with it

A

NaOH - takes away the H+ due to being basic = takes away charge

C6H5NH3+ (+) NaOH = C6H5NH2 + H20

17
Q

Are amines soluable in water

A

Yes
They can form hydrogen bonds

Also = can react with water acting as base to form alkaline solution

CH3NH2 + H2O = CH3NH3+ (+) OH-

18
Q

Put primary amines,ammonia and aromatic amines in order of basicity strength

A

1- primary amines = alkyl groups are electron releasing = increase electron density on Nitrogen = lone pair more available to bond with H+

2- Ammonia

3- Aromatic Amines = lone pair on Nitrogen delocalises into Pi trim ring in Benzene = decrease electron density on Nitrogen = Lone pair less available to bond to H+

19
Q

Are tertiary amines stronger or weaker bases than primary and explain

A

Tertiary amines are stronger = more alkyl/electron releasing groups

20
Q

Does base strength on amines increase as carbon Alkyk chain increase

A

As length increase = base strength increase = increased electron releasing effect

21
Q

How do amines react with Copper Hexaquaions (2+))

A

Same as ammonia - first in acid base then in excess ligand exchange

1- [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2]

2- [Cu(H2O)2(amine)4]

22
Q

What does a N mean when in a molecule name
Eg N-Ethyl Propylamine

A

Shows that group is attached to the Nitrogen

23
Q

If substitution continues to happen between Halogenoalkane + Amine what could be produced

A

Quaternary Ion Salts

24
Q

What do primary, secondary and tertiary amides look like

A
25
Q

2 ways to make Amides

A

1- Acyl Chloride + Ammonia

2- Acyl Chloride + primary Amines

26
Q

What is produced when acyl chlorides react with ammonia

A

Acyl chloride + Ammonia = Amide + HCl

27
Q

What is produced when acyl chlorides react with primary amines

A

Acyl Chloride + Primary Amines = Secondary Amide + HCl

28
Q

What type of polymers are polyamides

A

Condensation

29
Q

What are polyamides formed from

A

Di-Amines + either: A. Di-Carboxylic ac
B. Dioyl Chlorides

30
Q

What reacts with what when forming a peptide linkage in making polyamides

A

Carboxyl group on Di-Carboxylic acid + amino group on Di-Amine

31
Q

What does amphoteric mean

A

Can act as base or acid

32
Q

What are proteins made of

A

2 amino acids

Carboxyl group reacts with NH2 group

33
Q

Show how an amino acid can act as a acid with NaOH

A

NH2CH2COOH + NaOH = NH2COO(-)Na(+) + H2O

34
Q

What do amino acids form in solution

A

Zwitter ions

35
Q

What are zwitter ions

A

Neutral molecules but have internal positive + negative charges

36
Q

What are conditions + reagents needed to hydrolyse proteins into amino acids

A

Conc HCl (aq) + heat

Produces protonated Amino acids

37
Q

What can be used to separate Amino Acids

A

Chromatography

Amino acids colourless =

UV light or stain with Ninhydrin used to see

38
Q

Example of hydrolysis of protein

A
39
Q

What type of amino acids make proteins

A

2• amino acids
Carboxyl -COOH is on carbon 1
Amino group -NH2 is on carbon 2

F.Chem 6 - Organics 1,2,3 (9 decks)

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