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Peds > Amboss Q > Flashcards

Amboss Q Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious mononucleosis increases risk of what

A

Splenic rupture
So avoid contact sports and strenuous actively for 4 weeks

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2
Q

Fe def anemia symptoms and RDW

A

⬆️ RDW

angular chelitis, koilonychia (spoon shaped con cavity)

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3
Q

<2 yr w/ Resp distress, cough, nasal congestion, wheezes, fever

A

Bronchilitis, RSV

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4
Q

Kallmann syndrome

A

X GnRH
X smell/taste
Male or female

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5
Q

Obese, hip pain, passive flexion=ext rot, abduction (Drehmann sign)

What, cause, treatment, age group

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (femoral displaced from hip joint)

Bc of unstable proximal growth plate instabulity

Surgical pin femoral head

10-16yr

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6
Q

Marfan

A

Myopia, lens subluxation

Aortic dissection/aneurysm, berry aneurysm

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7
Q

Normal puberty aged

A

Female-8-13
Male-9-14

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8
Q

21 hydroxylase def

A

Precocious puberty
(Girls- ambiguous genitalia)

Hypoglcemia, hypotension

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9
Q

Infants with sickle cell prophylaxis

A

Ab to pneumococcus till 5 yrs old

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10
Q

Weight loss in less than 5 days of life

A

Less than 7% normal
Gained back by 10-14 days

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11
Q

Congenital rubella

A

Bilateral cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, blueberry muffin rash, heart defect (PDA, Pulm A stenosis)

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12
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

Phenotype female, genes male

Form testes remain in inguinal canal/abd
Testosterone turns to estrogen
No ovaries/ uterus

Gonadectomy

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13
Q

Duoudenal vs jejuni atresia

A

Jujenal— triple bubble x-ray

Duod- double bubblr

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14
Q

Rosella Infantum

A

HHV6
3-5 day fever
Then truncal rash spreads to face and extremities
Lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

Measles

A

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Then blanching rash (start at head)
Palate—koplik spots
Generalized lymphadenopathy

Paramyxovirus

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16
Q

Rubella

A

Maculopapulat rash starts head then to trunk
Post auto ulnar lymphadenopathy
Older-arthritis

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17
Q

Infants asplenic get what

A

Vaccines anddd penicillin OR amoxicillin till 5yr

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18
Q

Fixed wide split S2

A

Atrial septal defect

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19
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

HA, vision change, x CN, seizures

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20
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

⬇️ vision, proptosis, painful eye movements

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21
Q

Preseptal cellulitis

A

Ocular pain and swelling/red

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22
Q

VACTERL association

A

Vertebral anomaly
Anal atresia
Cardiac anamoly
TEF
Renal anomaly
Limb malformation

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23
Q

21 hydroxylase def

A

Precocious puberty
Acne hypotension

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24
Q

11B hydroxylase def

A

HTN
precocious puberty

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25
Q

17a hydroxylase def

A

HTN
male w female genitalia
Female with primary amenorrhea/delay puberty

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26
Q

Palivizumab

A

For RSV at risk infants

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27
Q

Chlamydia

A

Conjunctivitis 5-14 days after birth

Pneumonia 4-12 wks after birth

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28
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Conjunctivitis 2-7dayd after birth

Can lead to septic arthritis and disseminated infection

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29
Q

Shallow genital ulcers + lymphadenopathy

A

Herpes

Diagnose w PCR
Treat w acyclovir

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30
Q

Minimal change Dz

A

Nephrotic
Fatty casts
Lots proteinuria

Treat—glucocorticoid, na restriction(edema control)

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31
Q

Bacterial rhinosinutisis

A

Greater than 10 days symptoms
Probably post viral

S pnuemo, Hib, moraxella

Treat amoxicillin

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32
Q

Amoxicillin to EBV?

A

Morbilliform rash

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33
Q

Prolong aPTT

A

internal
8,12,11,9

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34
Q

Prolong PT

A

Extrinsic
Fibrin form
Vit k def
Warfarin treatment

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35
Q

Vomiting on pH

A

Low Cl alkalosis

Low na, k

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36
Q

Epididymitis 15-35 yr old (post puberty)

A

Dysuria, swell/pain, fever, leukocytosis

Chlamydia, gonorrhea (nucleic acids amplification testing urine)

+ prehn- pain relief when lift

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37
Q

Epididymitis prepuberty and >35 yr

A

E. coli

+prehn- pain relief when lift

Leukocytosis, fever, pain/swell

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38
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia main

A

Early secondary sexual characteristics
Precocious puberty
Virilization
Bp high or low

39
Q

Aramatase def

A

Ambiguous genitalia
No secondary sexual characteristics
Tall stature
Osteoporosis (fractures)

40
Q

Vomiting on pH and electrolytes

A

Alkalosis
Low na, k, Cl

41
Q

Turner’s syndrome on heart

A

Coarctation of aorta

42
Q

Corticosteroids for asthma

A

In acute exacerbation where brnchodiaotors not working

43
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Systolic ejection murmur @ lower L sternal border

⬇️ squat
⬆️ valsalva

44
Q

Mesonephric or wolffian duct gender

A

Male

45
Q

Paramesonephric/Mullerian gender

A

Female

46
Q

Müllerian duct agenesis

A

No fusion
Uterus, cervix, upper 3rd vagina atresia

Normal secondary sexual characteristics
Primary amenorrhea

Associatevjudney stuff, horseshoe kidney, renal agenesis

47
Q

Gestational dm infant

A

Polycythemia (high hematocrit)
Macrosomia (>4000 kg)
Hypoglycemia (<50)

48
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

<20year
Long bone diaphysis
Lytic lesions
Small round blue cells
t, 11, 22

⬆️ESR, leukocytosis

Dark spot on x ray with onion skin around

49
Q

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Age, symptoms, cell markers

A

2-5 yr
Bone pain
Fever
Hepatosplenomegaly
Lymphadenopathy
+ PAS, cd10, cd19, TdT

50
Q

Retroogaryngeal abscess w/ labored respirations treat?

A

1st step- endotracheal intubation

Then surgically drain

51
Q

Cyclic vomiting in less than 5yr treat

A

Cyproheptadine

52
Q

Cyclic vomiting syndrome in greater than 5yr

A

Amitryptyline

53
Q

Need IV can’t get periph venous access, other option?

A

Intraoaseous cannulation

54
Q

Diagnose birch sprung

A

Rectal biopsy

55
Q

Friedreich ataxia symptoms and gene

A

GAA repeat
Dysphagia, insulin R, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, areflexia
Ataxia and kyphoscolosis obv

56
Q

Normal BF /24hr

A

8-12 per 24 hr

57
Q

If not BF enough?

A

Jaundice
W/ high unconjug bili
Weight loss
Dehydration

58
Q

Asplenic at risk of what infections

A

Hib
Strep pnuemo
N meningitis

59
Q

Medulloblastoma symptoms

A

Cerebellum
3-5yr
Icp—-HA, ataxia, vomit

60
Q

Intussusception symptoms/age/diagnostics

A

Colicky abd pain, no bile vomit
Red/mucoid stools (currant jelly)
Target sign on US

⬆️3-12 months age

61
Q

Intussceptio ntreat

A

Air enema
Monitor for 24 hours

62
Q

Alpha thalassemia

A

Microcytic anemia
⬇️/normal RDW

HbH—jaundice, anemia at birth

63
Q

At risk of Fe def anemia infants

A

> 6 months—only BF or only cows milk

Or premature birth

64
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Limited by suture lines
Head swelling, assisted vaginal delivery

65
Q

Capital saccedaneum

A

Cross suture lines
Swelling may shift with movements
Assisted delivery risk

66
Q

DKA IV given?

A

0.9 saline + insulin

67
Q

21 hydroxylase def treatment

A

Lifelong glucocorticoid therapy

And hydrocortisone

68
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich (3 symptoms)

A

Recurrent infections
Eczema
Thrombocytopenia
Failure to thrive

69
Q

Osteomyelitis pathogen in sickle cell

A

Salmonella

70
Q

Galactosemia symptoms (5)

A

Jaundice
Diarrhea
Cataracts
Hepatomegaly
Hypoglycemia

71
Q

Kawasaki

A

Fever >= 5 days
Conjunctivitis
Strawberry tongue
Lymphadenopathy
Leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytosis
ESR

Less than 5 yr ^^^

72
Q

Leuprolide 1st line for what

A

Precocious puberty (central idiopathic)
⬆️LH and FSH

73
Q

DKA and K

A

Decrease total body K even tho serum K normal or elevated

74
Q

Carbamazepine SE

A

Aplastic anemia
Pancytopenia and low reticulocytes
Easy bruising

75
Q

Laryngomalacia

A

Collapse supraglottic structures during inspiration

Inspiration stridor
Worse supine, feeding, crying
Better prone on stomach

76
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis symptoms and findings

A

Distended abd, ⬇️ bowel sounds, diarrhea, hematochezia

Gas in intestinal wall (pneumatosis intestinalis)

77
Q

Testicular torsion

A

No cremasteric reflex (stroke ipsilateral thigh, no elevation of scrotum)

Hypogastric tender, testicular tenderness, scrotal elevation and swelling

78
Q

IgA vasculitis or HSP (henloch schloen purpura) symptoms (6) and treat

A

Viral infection before
Colicky abd pain, vomit, blood stool, target sign (intussception), arthritis, hematuria, palpable purpura

Supportive care only

79
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid dysgenesis
Poor feeding, lethargy, raspy/hoarse cry, jaundice, umbilical hernias, big head, large tongue, hypotonia

80
Q

Transient synovitis symptoms and treat

A

Recent URI
Hip pain
No fever or low grade fever
Normal ESR, normal WBC
Joint effusion

Treat NSAIDS and rest

81
Q

Mccune-Albright syndrome

A

G protein mutation
Cushing, acromegaly, hyperthyroidism

Fractures, hyperpigmented spots (cafe au lait spots), precocious puberty

⬆️alk phos

Bisphosponates

82
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis treatment

A

Pyleromyotomy
But 1sr fluids and electrolytes to stabilize from vomit

83
Q

vWD symptoms and treat

A

Epistaxis
Heavy flow periods
⬆️PTT, ⬆️ bleeding time
Normal plt counts
Treat desmopressin

84
Q

BUN/Cr in dehydration

A

> 20

85
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

⬇️Na, thrombocytopenia
Flu-like
Rash @ ankles and wrists (then spreads to trunk, palms, soles)

86
Q

Neohroblastoma (wilms)

A

Nontender abd mass
Doesn’t cross midline
Hematuria
Incidental or sympt (HTN, abd pain)

87
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Abd mass
Cross midline
Constitutional symptoms (fever, weight loss, fail thrive)

88
Q

Asthma with ⬇️wheezing, RR

A

Resp arrest may need intubation

89
Q

IL-12 R def

A

⬇️IFN-y
No defense against intracellular pathogens (salmonella, TB)

90
Q

Severe ⬆️ triglycerides treat with

A

Fenofibrate

91
Q

Gaucher

A

Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Hepatosplenomegaly
Growth delays
Lipid filled macrophages (crumbled)

Glucocerebrodase def

92
Q

Anticholinergic symptoms (7)

A

Flushing
Confused /Agitated
mydriasis
Tachycardia
Urinary retention
Dry/warm skin
Constipation/⬇️bowel sounds

93
Q

Treat Anticholinergic

A

Physostigmine

94
Q

X linked agammaglobinemia (bruton)

A

Recurrent pyogenic infections (n meningitis strep pneumonia, Hib) (otitis media, pneumonias)
Hypoplastic lymphoids
Starts presenting at 3-6 months

Peds (1 decks)

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