Allergy & Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Tx of anaphylaxis

A

IM Epi, corticosteriods and H1 blocker(diphenhydramine, or hydroxyzine)

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2
Q

Angioedema

sx?

A

sudden swelling of the face, palate, tongue and airway in association with minor trauma to the face, hands or ingestion of ACEi. +/- stridor, ab pain and lack of response to steroids

  • *NO URTICARIA OR PRURITIS!
  • may be hereditary due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
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3
Q

dx of angioedema?

A

low levels of C2, C4 and C1.

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4
Q

tx of angioedema

A

epinephrine then Icatibant(bradykinin B2 antagonist), androgens(danazol, stanazol), Fresh frozen plasma

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5
Q

Urticaria

sx? tx?

A

sudden swelling of the superficial skin layers ccaused by: insects, medication, pressure, cold, vibration.

tx: antihistamines or LT antagonist

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6
Q

man with neurosyphillis who is allergic to PCN and has a hx of essential tremor tx with propanolol. tx?

A

stop propanolol and desensitize to PCN. if you dnt stop propranolol can worsen anaphylaxis and interfear with epi administration in the event of anaphylaxis

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7
Q

sx of Allergic Rhinitis

A

recurrent episodes of nasal itching, stuffiness, rhinorrhea, paroxysms of sneezing, eye itching and dermatitis. Inflammed boddy nasal mucosa, pale turbins and +/- nasal polyps

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8
Q

tx of allergic rhinits?

A

avoid!, intranasal steroids, antihistamines, nasal saline wash/spray

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9
Q

CVID

sx?

A

Impaired maturation of B cells = have b cell but they dnt make Ig!

  • recurrent sinopulmonary infection
  • sprue-like malabsorption
  • GIARDIASIS
  • older patient(teens+)
  • often linked with AI disorders
  • enlarged lymph nodes, adenoids and spleen
  • decreased all Ig!
  • normal Tcells, normal B cell #s
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10
Q

Tx of CVID

A

abx for infections + IVIG infusions

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11
Q

XL agammaglobulinemia/Bruton’s

A

absent B-cells due to them not maturing past proB.

  • normal T cells
  • NO Bcells = small/absent lymph, adenoids and spleen
  • male children(XLR) with recurrent sinopulmonary infections
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12
Q

tx of Brutons agamm?

A

IVIG

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13
Q

IgA Deficiency

sx? tx?

A
  • recurrent sinopulmonary infections
  • spruelike malabsorption syndrome
  • increased incidence of ATOPIC conditions
  • anaphylaxis when recieving blood donations

tx: tx infections as they arise

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14
Q

how do you prevent anaphylaxis with pt who have IgA deficiency

A

washed pack RBCs on transfusion

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15
Q

Hyper IgE syndrome

sx? tx?

A

recurrent SKIN INFECTIONS caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS

tx: ppx w/Docloxacillin or Cephalexin

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16
Q

SCID sx? tx? cause?

A

ADA mutation resulting in low B/T cells

  • everythigns gone = get AIDs like infections
    tx: abx + BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
17
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

inheritance + sx?

A
XLR, WAITER
Wiskott
Aldrich
IgE/A increased
Thrombocytopenia
Eczema
Recurrent infections
18
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

sx?

A
  • def NADPH = cant make oxide to kill shit = make granulomas instead
  • extensive inflammatory rxn w/purulent material that just dnt heal, increase risk of Aphthous ulcer & infalmmation of the nares. Granulomatous formation that may obstruct GU/GI tract, increased infections with catalast + organims
19
Q

CGD are at an increased risk of infections with what bugs? name them!

A

catalase + = SPACE-LMN = Staph A, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Candida, Ecoli, Listeria, Mycobaterium, Nocardia

20
Q

dx of CGD

A

negative Nitroblue tetrazolium or Dihydrorhodamine test = doesnt turn paper blue = no superoxide made = neutrophils are messed up due to CGD

21
Q

Pt experiences angioedema after a surgical or dental procedure. What can be given as prophylaxis for the next procedure?

A

Any of the following: antifibrinolytics(tranexamic acid), androgens(danaxol, stanozolol), infusion of C1 inhibitor