All Chapters Flashcards
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR?
It recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence.
Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete PCR cycles?
Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction.
What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people addicted to cocaine increases their expression?
What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA?
Alternate combinations of exons within the same gene are linked together.
Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the chromosome that is homologous to the damaged chromosome?
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional.
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general population?
Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein?
Pepsin, the enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds, has the highest activity in the acidic environment of the stomach.
What process is disrupted after a patient ingests excessive antacid that neutralizes the pH of the stomach?
An active elderly patient is becoming frequently disoriented, having trouble recalling her daily routine, and becoming aggravated easily. She forgets words and places and has difficulty recognizing her children.
Which biochemical event is responsible for this patient’s behavior?
Which structural level is impacted by denaturing a protein containing a single polypeptide?
Identify the factors that favor the oxygenated form of hemoglobin. (pH and CO2)
How do rising blood CO 2 levels promote the deoxygenated conformation of hemoglobin?
How does hemoglobin keep blood pH neutral during exercise?
What is occurring in surrounding tissues as the amount of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen increases?
The concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.
What is a temporary modification to protein structure by kinases that alters enzyme function?
Phosphorylation
