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Building Contruction All Chaps > All Chaps > Flashcards

All Chaps Flashcards

1
Q

Any material condition or act that contribute to the start of a fire

A

Fire hazard

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2
Q

Three signal words found in the book

A

Warning, caution, note

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3
Q

An organization, office or individual responsible for forcing the court requirements of code

A

Authority having jurisdiction

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4
Q

Building process takes weeks to years and requires many resources such as

Le, Tk , Fr, Ms and Ct

A

Legal expertise, technical knowledge, financial resources, management skills and creative talent

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5
Q

Preincident survey versus preincident planning

A

Assessment of a facility versus act of preparing to manage an incident

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6
Q

Building department should watch for any of the following potential dangers changes

A

Removal of penetration or bearing wall, modifications to beams or trusts, overloading a roof, rooftop additions, remodeling that creates additional voids, illegal remodeling or overlying

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7
Q

Occupants safety must be considered in the following areas regarding buildings?

A

Designer stairs, balcony railings, overhead obstacles, electrical system, elevator

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8
Q

Total quantity of combustible Content of a building

A

Fuel load

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9
Q

Construction type one

A

Fire resistance

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10
Q

Construction type to

A

Protected non-combustible

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11
Q

Construction type three

A

Ordinary construction, constructed with exterior walls of Masonary but from a technical standpoint any non-combustible material with the required a fire resistance can be used. Interior structural components that are permitted to be partially or holy combustible include walls columns and beams floors and roofs

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12
Q

Construction type 4

A

Heavy timber

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13
Q

Construction type 5

A

Wood frame. all Major structural components are permitted to be combustible

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14
Q

Building elements of that may be altered to improve access include

A

Entrances, parking and passenger loading zones, elevators, alarms, means of egress

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15
Q

Factors that influence a building condition at any given time
A,M, Cm Mo

A

Age, materials, construction methods, maintenance overtime

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16
Q

Examples of factors that may require maintenance and upgrading overtime

W, H , R, SF

A

Wiring heating, Roofs, settling foundations

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17
Q

Gentrification

A

All the properties that are extensively rehabilitated to desire modern real estate

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18
Q

Green design

A

Energy efficient structures

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19
Q

When doors and windows are tightly fitted what happened to the flow of air

A

The flow of air is reduced resulting in oxygen deprived environments

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20
Q

Fire loss management is systematic and includes many factors including ( L. E.A)

A

Life safety, engineering and administrative controls to protect community resources

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21
Q

Spec building

A

Buildings built for securing a tenant or Occupant

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22
Q

The art of building design

A

Aesthetics

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23
Q

Large uncontrollable fire covering a considerable area example forest fires

A

Conflagration

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24
Q

Transfer of heat energy through the movement of hot smoke and fire gases

A

Convection

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25
Q

Transfer of heat energy through space by Electromagnetic wave similar to xray

A

Thermal radiation

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26
Q

What can be negative damage by the heat of external fire

A

Exposure

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27
Q

Ways fire spreads to an exposure building?

A

openings such as doors, roofing material, siding material, windows, fire loads places close and a lack of organize fire protection

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28
Q

Three levels of exposure are

A

Light, moderate, severe

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29
Q

Fire protection methods Used to protect buildings from exposing fires include

A

Clearances space between buildings and roadways, limit on height, reducing openings and exterior walls

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30
Q

3 Fire detection suppression systems

A

Water sprinkler systems,fire retardant distribution systems and automatic outside deluge system

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31
Q

Self supporting barrier walls between the fire building and exposures, blank walls of non-combustible construction, exterior Masonary walls, glass block panels and openings and white glass in steel/windows

A

Passive(allowable) barriers

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32
Q

Preincident plans should include
OT, HM , FPS, AR, U

A

Occupancy tape, what they do in that building, Hazardous materials, location and functions of fire protection systems, building access routes and utilities present

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33
Q

What are three primary strategies in a fire incident

A

Offensive, defensive and transitional

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34
Q

Factors that are influence by fire behavior regarding buildings include ?
Bc, Oc, Fl , Fr

A

Building classification, occupancy classification, fire load and fire resistance

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35
Q

Explain the three digit number code for fire resistance
( E. F+ C. F)

A

1st digit- fire resistance in hours exterior bearing wall
2nd- Fire resistance readings of structural frames or columns and grinder that support loads of more than one floor
3rd- Fire resistant reading the floor construction

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36
Q

Type one construction fire resistance

A

Presence of non-combustible structural components that also have fire resistant rating with unspecified ranges

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37
Q

What type of building is less likely to Callapse on the fire fighter

A

Type one

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38
Q

Type one buildings are most commonly constructed of

A

Protected steel frame or reinforced concrete

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39
Q

Building material inherently non-combustible with good thermal insulating properties

A

Concrete

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40
Q

Fire retardant can be applied to any substance except

A

Water

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41
Q

Type 2 construction Material used

A

Steel, con creek, glass and aluminum with limited structural roll.

Protected non-combustible or non-combustible

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42
Q

Type 2 Construction protected requires that structural components have how long of a fire resistance

A

One hour

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43
Q

Type 2 Unprotected allow structural components to remain

A

Unprotected

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44
Q

The use of what is the most common characteristic of unprotected, non-combustible construction

A

Steel

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45
Q

Type3 Construction

A

Commonly referred to as ordinary structure. Constructed with exterior walls of Masonary but technically any non-combustible material with the required fire resistance can be used for exterior walls.

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46
Q

Interior structure components that are permitted to be partially or wholly combustible in type 3 construction include w, c, b, f , r

A

Walls, COlums, Beans, floors and roof

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47
Q

Fire concerns with type 3 construction are ?

A

Combustible concealed spaces that are created between floors and ceiling joists in between studs in partition walls when they are covered with Interior finish materials

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48
Q

Type 4 Construction

A

Heavy timber. The exterior walls are normally of Masonary construction in the interior structural components are combustible

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49
Q

Two main differences between type 3 and 4 construction? 

A

Type four construction the beams, columns, floors and roofs are made of solid or laminated wood with bigger dimensions then and type three.
Concealed spaces are not permitted between structural components in type 4.

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50
Q

Type 4 construction is the only construction type that does not include
(AB)

A

A and B subdivisions, instead it uses 2HH

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51
Q

Type 4 buildings that have been converted to residential use from original application include

A

Factories Mills and warehouse 

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52
Q

Type five construction

A

All major construction rule components are permitted to be of combustible instruction. Wood frame as the primary structural support. Required to have a one hour fire resistance

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53
Q

Fundamental problem Type 5 construction

A

Presence of extensive concealed/void spaces

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54
Q

Maximum amount of heat they can be released If all fuel is consumed

A

Fire load

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55
Q

amount of thermal energy that could be generated by combustion hoc

A

HeatOf combustion

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56
Q

Thermal energy

A

Heat

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57
Q

Chemical process of oxidation that occurs in the right fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either close or flame

A

Combustion

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58
Q

International building code defines non-combustible material as being ?

A

In the form in which used in under the condition anticipated will not ignite burn support combustion or at least flammable vapor’s when subjected to heat or fire

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59
Q

several properties of Fire resistance material including
Comb,T- Cond,Chem comp, Den , Dim

A

Combustibility, thermal conductivity, chemical composition, Density and dimension

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60
Q

The only standardized test method currently universally excepted by building code

A

E-119

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61
Q

Tension

A

Pulls materials apart

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62
Q

Stress any structure remember that tends to Stretch the member apart

A

Tensile stress

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63
Q

Slides one plain of the material pass an Adjacent plan

A

Sheer stress

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64
Q

3 Stresses forms external loads

A
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65
Q

Difference between dead, live, static loads

A

D-permanent load
L- not permanent ( pp)
S- steady or applied gradually

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66
Q

Dynamic loads

A

Involve motion including impact winds, falling objects and vibration

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67
Q

Rain and snow are examples of what kind of loads

A

Live

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68
Q

5 Effects of wind on structure(pic). R/b

A
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69
Q

Earthquakes traveling in WAVES

A

Seismic forces

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70
Q

Movement by tectonic plates

A

Faults

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71
Q

Movement of a shock wave THROUGH the ground or structure after a large donation

A

Seismic effect

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72
Q

3 Common locations where walls may be insufficiently braced include(not actually building)

A

Construction sites demolition sites fire damage buildings

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73
Q

Application of force is CAUSED by earthquakes

A

Seismic load

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74
Q

Lateral load( retaining walls)

A

Live load that exerts a horizontal force against a structure

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75
Q

Horizontal motion

A

Side to side swaying motion

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76
Q

Movements of large amplitude resulting from small force applied at a natural frequency of a structure (Synchronized)

A

Resonance

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77
Q

Install in concrete allows structures to move independently of each other Ej

A

Expansion joists

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78
Q

Structural elements designed to control vibrations Dm

A

Dampening mechanisms

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79
Q

Rubber like material. Placed in a layer between the building at the foundation

A

Elastomer

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80
Q

Two common methods of base foundation SS

A

Sheer, sliding systems

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81
Q

Elastomeric bearings place between the building in the foundation SS

A

Sheer system

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82
Q

Special plates that SLIDE on each other to isolate the building from horizontal share forces less Call

A

Sliding system

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83
Q

Joist

A

Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or roof. Drywall or flooring is screwed into it

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84
Q

projected beam or/supported at one end

A

Cantilever

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85
Q

Pressure exerted by soil against the foundation is known as

A

Active soil pressure

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86
Q

The force of the foundation against the soil is known as

A

Passive soil pressure

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87
Q

Materials used in beams can include

A

Steel, wood and reinforced concrete

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88
Q

Types of beam support
S,R C,C,O

A
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89
Q

I-beam cross-section names

A

Top and bottom are called flanges,Middle i part is the web

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90
Q

Material is using COlums can include
W, s , cI, c, M

A

Wood. Steal , cast-iron concrete masonry

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91
Q

Materials used in arches
M,s,c,lw

A

Masonary, steel, concrete, laminate wood

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92
Q

Common trust configurations pic

A
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93
Q

Connectors use with steel trusses

STeal gp, R and W

A

Steal gasket plates, rabbits, welds

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94
Q

connectorsUsed with wood truss include
P/B, G, A, B and MS

A

Pins or bolts, gusset, adhesive, brackets and metal straps

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95
Q

Three dimensional truss structures. The internal structure provide structural support while the skin provide styling and protection from the elements

A

Space frames

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96
Q

Typical materials used in bearing walls include

A

Concrete block, brick, stone, Solid wood, concrete panels

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97
Q

Bearing wall structures use walls to support spanning elements including
B, T , C

A

Beans trusses pre-Cass concrete slabs

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98
Q

What type of Construction start using vertical elements to support horizontal elements

A

Post and beam construction

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99
Q

Which type of Structural load exerts a force PERPENDICULAR to structural members look up

A

Traverse load

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100
Q

Often single-story In height with gable roofs oh, skeleton frame reinforced between a column and beam materials used are steel, Laminated wood and reinforced concrete is what kid of frame ?

A

Rigid frame

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101
Q

Convenient stairs

A

There’s a connect to floors in a multi story building

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102
Q

Tread

A

Horizontal face of a step

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103
Q

Riser

A

Vertical part of the stairstep

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104
Q

Run

A

Horizontal measurement of a stair tread or the distance of an entire stair length

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105
Q

Rise

A

Vertical distance between the treads I will stay away or the height of the entire stairway

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106
Q

Stair components in dimension pic

A
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107
Q

Landing

A

Horizontal platform where flight of stairs begins or ends

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108
Q

Type of stairs pic

A
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109
Q

Six types of stair designs

A

Straight run, return, scissors, circular, folding and spiral

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110
Q

Building that often include scissor stairs are

A

Airports, convention centers, Malls and cinemas

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111
Q

Measures indicated in building code to protect stair enclosures include

A

Limited penetration for light fire protection environmental control, Closing fire rated doors, separation from the rest of the building and stairway halls

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112
Q

Fire escapes are usually anchored to the building and the anchor points may fail without warning due to ??

A

Damage from freeze-thaw cycle, corrosion from pollution /Weather and Inadequate mortar holding the anchors

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113
Q

For stairs serving buildings 5 stores or higher building code have traditionally required a minimum of how many smoke proof stair enclosures

A

One

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114
Q

Active / passive fire protection?

A

Active - uses mechanical or electrical parts that work as a system and require a power source.
Passive - no equipment, relies on building design( fire walls )

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115
Q

Building code typically allow the use of open stairs in buildings only when

A

They connect no more than two adjacent floors above the basement level

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116
Q

Where systems often penetrate fire barriers are protected by features such as
Fd, S , sS

A

Fire doors, shutters, water spray fix fire suppression systems

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117
Q

Safeguards against incomplete closures include
ASC
BiC
Fd/s

A

Automatic stop controls
Breaks in conveyors
Multiple layers of doors or shutters

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118
Q

Three types of elevators

P,F,S

A

Passenger elevator carry people
Freight elevator carry resources
Service elevators carry freight plus people

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119
Q

Two most common types of power used in elevators

A

Hydraulic /electric

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120
Q

Electric elevators use?

A

A hoist and cable in a drum

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121
Q

For common styles of elevators are
D,T,mr,D

A

Drum / traction elevators Intended for passengers
machine room-less elevators intended for passage
and dumbwaiter for cargo use

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122
Q

Hoistway

A

Vertical shaft in which the elevator car travels

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123
Q

Motors in elevators are what kinds of current ?

A

Direct current or alternative current

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124
Q

Direct current Circuit

A

Electric circuit in which the current moves through the circuit in only One Direction

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125
Q

Alternative current Circuit

A

Electrical circuit in which the current can move through the circuit in both directions

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126
Q

Traction elevator pic

A
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127
Q

Machine room includes ?

A

Elevator hoistway that includes all components motors mounted within the hoistway itself to illuminate the need for a machine at the top of the Hoistway

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128
Q

Elevator pit

A

Base of an elevator Hoist waythat contains equipment maintenance access

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129
Q

Wall panels that are bracing and lateral loads such as wind and Seismic loads SW

A

Sheer wall

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130
Q

Mushrooming

A

Heat smoke and other products of combustion rise until they encounter a horizontal obstacle, at this point they were spread laterally until the encounter vertical obstacles begin to bank downward

131
Q

Use for eXpress elevators that serve the upper elevator zones in tall buildings. No entrance on floor between the main floor and the lowest floor. What kind of hoist way is this ?

A

Blind hoistway

132
Q

Refuse chute

A

For laundry trash from upper floors are building to the basement

133
Q

Pipe chase

A
134
Q

Pipe chase contains pipe we need for services including

A

Hot and cold portable water, drain lines, steam, heat and air-conditioning and sprinkler pipe

135
Q

Code regulates the location of air Intake to minimize Drawing in the following hazards

A

Combustibility, Flammable or toxic substance, vehicle exhaust and smoke from fires

136
Q

Activated by buildings alarm system or fusible links automatically restrict the flow of air through all parts of an air handler system

A

Fire damper

137
Q

Unoccupied space within a building through which air flows back to the heated ventilation in air-conditioning system normally above a ceiling and below and insulated roof or floor above

A

Return air plenum

138
Q

Forced air system

A

Heating and cooling system that uses air as a heat transfer medium

139
Q

Heating and cooling system that uses WATER as a heat transfer medium

A

Hydronic system

140
Q

Rooftop or independent unit that eject waste heat into the atmosphere to lower the temperature in a system used in HVAC system

A

Cooling tower

141
Q

Non-combustible barrier a divider hung from the ceiling in large opening areas that are designed to minimize the mushroom effect

A

Draft curtains

142
Q

Style of smoke control for stairways is the use of””.. Separated from a building corridor by vestibule that is open to the atmosphere? 

A

Smoke towers

143
Q

Stairwell pressurization system that uses one point of supply air

A

Single injection system

144
Q

Stairway Pressurization system that uses air supply shop that discharge supply air at a uniform rate along several points within the stairwell

A

Multiple injection system

145
Q

Stairwell pressurization system that Can modulate the pressure and stairwells. Cs

A

Compensated System

146
Q

Device or material that has been tested by laboratories and certified as having a minimum criteria

A

Listed

147
Q

Paint like product that EXPANDS when it supposed to heat, creates an insulating barrier that protects material underneath it

A

Intumescent coating

148
Q

Heat resistant construction ADHESIVE that bonds with most materials, uses the heat retardant

A

Mastics

149
Q

Types of fire retardant coatings available include I, M, GFP, C/M F C

A

Intumescent,mastic, gas forming paint and cementitious / mineral fiber coating

150
Q

Measurements that have one components tests performance against a set of standards CRT

A

Criterion referenced testing

151
Q

Standard Testa used to measure the surface burning characteristics of various materials

A

Astm e -84

152
Q

Steiner tunnel test

A

Test used in the determination of fire spread rating

153
Q

Large scale test used to evaluate the performance of interior finishes under fire conditions is nfpa ?

A

NFPA 286

154
Q

Amount of water required to extinguish the fire in a timely manner

A

Fire flow

155
Q

Freestanding walls

A

Self-supporting firewalls independent of the structures frame

156
Q

Firewalls CONNECTING to a line of columns are steel structure of support the same degree of fire resistance

A

Tied walls

157
Q

Parapet walls

A

Vertical extension of exterior wall, above the roofline buildings

158
Q

Firewalls are not popular with designers for reasons including

A

Increase structural cost, interface with the free movement or materials and unattractivenrss

159
Q

Types of facilities that may be constructed without firewalls include
F,w,r

A

Factories, warehouses and retail stores

160
Q

Interior walls that do not qualify as firewalls but R used to subdivided a floor or area of the building

A

Fire partition

161
Q

Fire partitions can be Constructed of a wide variety of materials including P.G ,W,C

A

Plaster, gypsy wallboard, conCrete

162
Q

Stairwells and buildings 4 stories or lower required to have what rated enclosure

A

One hour

163
Q

Buildings taller than four stories are required to have what hour rated?

A

2

164
Q

Most common construction materials used for enclosed walls include

A

Gypsy board with steel or wood studs, lath and plaster, concrete block and Holly clay tiles

165
Q

Curtain walls are what functions

A

Resistant environmental loads, controls heat loss, Limits noise and limit solar radiation

166
Q

Fire doors are rated in increments of time from

A

20 mins - 4hours

167
Q

Fusible links

A

Device that uses our melts when exposed to fire

168
Q

Glass that’s fire protection

A

Glazing

169
Q

Installed in fire door to permit ventilation while the door is closed under normal conditions. Auto close under fire conditions usually by a Fusible
Link.

A

Lourver

170
Q

2 strategies used to assess soil are TP/B

A

Test pits and test boring

171
Q

Factors that Influence the type in depth of a foundation

A

Soil conditions, type of building, buildings continent, lateral forces, workspace requirements, building code and influence on other buildings

172
Q

Shallow foundations usually use reinforced concrete what ?

A

Footings

173
Q

Protective sleeve used to keep water out of An excavation for a pier(mark)

A

Caisson

174
Q

Insulated concrete foam construction can be used for F / w

A

Foundations, above and below grade walls

175
Q

Expanded polystyrene

A

Closed cell foam use for Building insulation

176
Q

Symptoms of settling in

A

Disoriented building frame, sloping floors, cracked walls and glass, and I inproperly working doors and windows and damage building utilities

177
Q

Causes of differentialSettling include

A

Non-uniform Soil conditions under the foundation, footings of different sizes, footings placed a different elevations and unequal loads on footings

178
Q

Materials used as a temporary support

A

Shoring

179
Q

Permanent supports U

A

Underpinning

180
Q

Under pinning an existing foundation may be necessary because of changes over time Including

A

Excessive settlement, increased load, evacuate and on adjacent properties and erosion of soil

181
Q

Types of wood used in construction are typically soft woods including

A

Pine fir and spruce

182
Q

Some disadvantages to Wood are related to the natural growth of a tree including

A

What is never dimensionally true, weather conditions affect the size and shape of wood, which does not shrink or swell uniformly, defects include knots not holes decay insect damage splits, strawberries with species, grade

183
Q

Lumber with standard nominal measurements for use in building construction

A

Dimensional lumber

184
Q

Nominal dimensions of lumber

A

Actually finished size of lumber

185
Q

What is stronger parallel to the what ? Than against the what ?

A

Wood is stronger Parallel to Grain than against grain

186
Q

Other Factors that will contribute to wood component strength include ? M, S, S

A

Material, shape and size

187
Q

Laminated wood

A

Made a flat strips of wood joined with glue

188
Q

Connection between two parts made by simply securing END surfaces together without additional shaping at the ends. A simple but weak joint. Easy to 
Produce but cannot beUsed where tensile stresses will be transmitted along the length of a beam.

A

Butt joint

189
Q

Current Research indicates that the heat of a fire has essentially want affects on adhesive’s that are used in beams

A

No affect on Adhesives

190
Q

Types of joints (pic)

A

Butt , scarf, finger

191
Q

Thermoplastic composite lumber is primarily used in construction of (bigmike)

A

Outside decks and railings. These types of decks also burn black and sooty unlike wood

192
Q

Plywood is used for?
S, Cf, WoH

A

Sheathing, concrete framework, webs of compose beams hulls of ships

193
Q

Polyvinyl chloride P

A

Chemical used in manufacture of plastics

194
Q

Non-veneered panel are made of ?

A

Made of engineered wood formed into sheets using glue and or pressure

195
Q

Wooden structure a panel form by glowing and compressing would strands together under pressure

A

Oriented strand board

196
Q

Not generally use for structural application although it may be used in a lateral force resistance diaphragms. Also known as flakeboard, chipboard or shavings board

A

Particleboard

197
Q

Oriented strand board is widely used for

A

Sheathing and some floors and wood frame buildings

198
Q

Most common Sheathing are

A

Wood, OSB, particleboard or exterior gypsy sheathing

199
Q

Glass wool, rock wool in forms of batts or blankets w/Combustible paper or foil covering, fiberglass are Non-combustible materials used for ??

A

Installation

200
Q

Two types of Solid fill foam insulation are
F / P

A

Formaldehyde and Polyurethane

201
Q

Venere walls

A

Walls with a surface layer of atractive material laid over a base of common material. Usually brick or stone

202
Q

Type V-B wood is ?

A

Wood frame unprotected

203
Q

Type V -A wood is ?

A

Wood frame protected

204
Q

Materials used as manufactured components include
A , D , MF and P

A

Adhesive, dementia, metal fasteners and pans

205
Q

Ignition temperatures are difficult to measure accurately because of variability in the

A

Density of the wood, size and forward of wood , rate of heating , Nature of the heating source and air supply

206
Q

Fire retardant material reduces wood

A

Strength

207
Q

Hydroscopic

A

Tendency to absorb water

208
Q

Factors used to Evaluate the hazards severity in a given location include
Gs, Cs, Ws and C

A

Ground slope, clear space around property, water supply and climate

209
Q

Methods of connecting timber pic

A
210
Q

The wood framing system most frequently encountered can be broadly classified into two types L or H

A

Light wood framing and heavy timber framing

211
Q

Other wood type building P /W construction ,P

A

Pole construction, Wall construction and prefab

212
Q

Light wood framing uses nominal lumber that is “” at its smallest Dimension

A

2 inches

213
Q

Balloon frame pic

A
214
Q

Ledger board

A

Joyce that support the second floor rest on ledger boards. Supports the joys

215
Q

Platform frame picture

A
216
Q

Platform framing is more prone to white then balloon framing

A

Shrinkage

217
Q

Manufactured beams picture

A
218
Q

Engineered wood and joists constructive three engineered wood components there bonded together to form and I shape cross-section

A

I joist

219
Q

I Joyce are increasingly common in what supports in residential/ non residential houses?

A

Floors

220
Q

The most common types of stone used I. construction are

A

Lime stone, sandstone and brownstone,Granite, marble, Slate

221
Q

Expansion of Masonary materials resulting in services to disintegrate or chip

A

Spalling

222
Q

Most mortar is produced from a mixture of

A

Portland cement, hydrated lime , sand and water

223
Q

Materials used in the most commonly encountered load bearing masonry walls include

A

concrete block
Brick
Combo of both

224
Q

Stretcher course placement

A

Bricks placed end to end

225
Q

Soldier course placement

A

Bricks placed vertically on the end

226
Q

Header course placement

A

Ends facing out

227
Q

Course

A

Horizontal layer of individual Masonary units

228
Q

Example of buttresses

A
229
Q

Reinforcement of masonry walls can take over forms and can include architectural features such as B, Fb, P

A

Buttresses, flying buttresses and pilasters

230
Q

Structural pilasters

A
231
Q

Modern Masonary buildings have interior framing system including

A

Masonary columns or interior bearing walls, steel beams or trust and would

232
Q

Buttress

A

Provide lateral supports without requiring extra thickness in a bearing walls

233
Q

Rectangular Manson pilllar that extend from face to face of a wall to provide adds support for the wall.

A

Pilaster

234
Q

Fire cut

A

End of a floor joint being cut at a slight angle

235
Q

Supports over openings in masonry walls L A C

A
236
Q

Parapet wall

A

Extension of a Masonary are still all the projects above the roof 1 foot or more

237
Q

Façade

A

Fake roofs.

238
Q

Cornice

A

Canceel space near the eave of a building.

239
Q

Two primary metals Alloyed in steal are
I . c

A

Iron and carbon

240
Q

Basic Characteristic properties of steel include

A

Strongest building material, doesn’t rot, resist age, dimensionally stable, comes from a controlled industry manufacturing process

241
Q

Disadvantage of steel

A

Tendency to rust when exposed to air in moisture

242
Q

Steal can be protected from formation of rust how ?

A

Painting the surface rust paint, coding with materials zinc in aluminum adding alloy element

243
Q

Molybdenum in steel equals

A

Strength

244
Q

Vanadium In steel equals

A

Strength and toughness

245
Q

Magnesium in steal

A

Resistance of steel to abrasion

246
Q

Ability of metal to be hammered then or rolled into shape without breaking

A

Ductility

247
Q

Rolling

A

Process of forming metal stock into shapes including sheets bypassing then bars and metal through a pair rollers

248
Q

One common structural steel is

A

Astm a-36

249
Q

Astm a36 includes what materials
M, C S

A

Magnesium, carbon and Silicone

250
Q

Cementitious materials are produced in various formulations ingredients can include
pc, G, P and V

A

Portland cement, gypsum , perlite and vermiculite

251
Q

Process that heats a substance to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point. Causes loss of moisture, reduction of oxidation and decomposition of carbonates

A

Calcined

252
Q

Process of driving free and chemically found water out of gymsum

A

Calcination

253
Q

Commonly used method of protecting a steel floor or roof assembly. Ceiling material suspended from the supports for the floor or ceiling above

A

Membrane ceiling

254
Q

Rigid connect versus simple connect

A
255
Q

Most common Column cross sections are
Hc, art, wide F s

A

Hollow cylinder,
rectangular tube and
Wide flange shape similar to the cross-section of an I-beam

256
Q

Structural support in buildings do not have a slenderness ratio greater than

A

120

257
Q

Steel beam flooring system

A
258
Q

Corrugated steel

A

Formed into ridges or grooves.

259
Q

Unprotected light gauge steel sheathing may “” Structurally although it will not””

A

Fail / melt

260
Q

Like Masonary concrete does not

A

Burn

261
Q

Primary advantages of concrete

A

Low cost Raw Materials, non-combustible, performs well under mild to moderate fire conditions and good insulating properties

262
Q

The ultimate Compressive strength can range from

A

2500 to 6000 psi

263
Q

Vertical reinforcing bars they provide resistance to diagonal tension
SU

A

Stirrups

264
Q

Steel strands are stretched between anchors producing a tensile force in the steel. Concrete is then placed around the steel strands and allowed to harden. After concrete had hardened the force applied to the steel is released.

A

Pretensioned reinforcement

265
Q

Common ways The concrete is used for include

A

Pavement, foundation, Columns, floors, walls

266
Q

Normal design Strength in concrete is reached after how many days

A

28 days

267
Q

Concrete cured at or above 100° will

A

Not reach its proper strength

268
Q

Evaluating the moisture content of wet concrete is what test ?

A

Slump test

269
Q

I fire resistance of a concrete assembly is affected by such variables as the following
D, T, Q, L

A

Concrete density thickness quality supported load

270
Q

Heat sink affect

A

Concrete tends to retain heat of fire and release it slowly

271
Q

Standard Shapes for precast concrete slabs

A
272
Q

For my firefighters standpoint the roofs of buildings can be classified into three

A

Flat, pitched and curved

273
Q

Lamela construction roofs have been used for G, A Eh

A

Gyms, auditoriums, exhibition hall’s

274
Q

A geodesic dome can be constructed with what kind of materials W, s , c ,p, b , a

A

Wood, steel, concrete, plywood, bamboo, aluminum

275
Q

Unprotected lightweight open web Joyce can be expected to fail

A

Quickly

276
Q

Conventional framing components include

A

Raptors, Ridgeboard, collar ties, ceiling Joyce and a raptor ties

277
Q

The most common rooftops constructed with conventional framing include
S, G, H, G, M

A

Shed, cable, hip, Gabriel and mansard

278
Q

Materials used in arches in M, Lw, S

A

Masonary, laminated wood and steel

279
Q

Vapor barrier consist of a continuous sheet of material resistance to the
passage Of water vapor include?

A

Plastic, aluminum foil, Kraft paper laminated with asphalt and asphalt saturated roof felt

280
Q

Three categories of membranes are
B, S F

A

Buildup, single ply and fluid applied membranes

281
Q

Built upRoofs that use gravel as the wear courses are commonly known as

A

Tar and gravel roofs

282
Q

To be a third-party listed product materials are subjected to what six tests

fE test, BB test , FB test , R test , W test and SoF test

A

Flame exposure test, burning brand test, flying brand test, Rain test , weather test spread of flame test

283
Q

High-rise buildings have to be more than how many feet tall

A

75 feet in height

284
Q

High-rise buildings typically have Duck detectors arrange to prevent?

A

recirculation of smoke to other floors, smoke detectors in elevator rooms, circuit breaker link to see detection system and smoke detectors detectors

285
Q

Fire command center is definitely located

A

First floor

286
Q

Only consider using elevator if the fire is above what floor?

A

5

287
Q

Do not use elevator to travel to

A

Fire for

288
Q

Never taken elevator Below

A

Ground level

289
Q

Building features that limit fire fighter access

A

Solid walls lacking doors or windows, obstructions on exterior walls, Obstructions between buildings and access roads and BANKed earth or difficult terrain

290
Q

Difficulties for firefighters in underground facilities include

A

Access, rescue and evacuation, ventilation, water supply and Drainage of water

291
Q

Maximum available fire resistant protection in hours

A

Four hours

292
Q

Air inflated structures are

A

Spaces with a fully open floor plan examples stadiums athletic fields casinos churches

293
Q

Types of explosion vents include
l, H, Wp, W , R

A

Louvered openings, hangers type door , wall panels, windows, roof

294
Q

Fuel at construction sites are used for

A

Heating, vehicle fuels and construction process

295
Q

The most common temporary fire protection measure is the installation of

A

Standpipes with outlets

296
Q

Standpipe pipes must be extended as /
Especially on what more than “” stories ?

A

Construction continues
All hi rise buildings and low rise building more than three stories

297
Q

Two causes of building collapse

A

Natural and human cause

298
Q

Piecemeal demolition versus controlled collapse of demolition

A

P- Perform at handtools or machines control - performed with larger equipment .

299
Q

Common sources of explosion in buildings include

A

Boilers, flammable gases, gasoline vapors, powder dust, storage of fireworks, terrorist, laboratories, oils

300
Q

Landslides are defined as

A

Movement of rocks earth or debris dinosaur

301
Q

NFPA 80 contains some information on fire doors including best practices for the following x3 T, I M

A

Testing, inspections, maintenance

302
Q

A door will likely fail when the following components are damaged

A

The door closer, it’s self or door guides

303
Q

Overhead fire doors are especially subject to ?

A

damage

304
Q

Mortar is available in five basic types with compression strengths between ?

A

75psi -2500 psi

305
Q

Can be used as an insulated material either in form of a flight boards or a plaster

A

Gypsum

306
Q

connection between beams and columns that are designed to resist the bending of forces resulting from supporting loads and lateral forces Rf

A

Rigid frame

307
Q

Frames designed primarily to support a vertical force

A

Simple frame

308
Q

Connection and what type of frame are not completely rigid but process enough ridgity to provide some diagonal support to the structure

A

Semi rigid frame

309
Q

Plywood, wood planks, congruent steel, precast gypsum or concrete planks, poured gypsum/concrete and cement planks containing wood fiber are all materials used in what

A

The construction of roof decks

310
Q

Single ply membranes roofs consist of ?

A

A single membrane laid in sheets. The material comes in 10 or 20 fr wide and up to 200ft long

311
Q

Useful for building with curve roof services such as domes that would be difficult to cover without material, it’s applied a LIQUID and allowed to cure

A

Fluid applied membranes

312
Q

Materials used in liquid applied membranes ? N, S , P, Br

A

Neoprene, silicone, polyurethane and butyl rubber

313
Q

Design to override the recall feature to permit providers to use the elevator after they arrive on the scene are what operations ?

A

Phase 2 operations

314
Q

Elevator safety that prevents the doors from closing if there’s a person or smoke in the doorway

A

Electric safety, disabled during phase 2 operations to allow the doors to be closed in the car move if it inherently stops at a smoke-filled floor

315
Q

Activation of automatic smoke detectors, activation of automatic sprinkler water flow alarm and activation of manual keyed switch in terminal floor lobby are triggers of what operations ?

A

Phase 1 operations

316
Q

Newer building code requires at a minimum of how many lighted stairways be provided When building construction which is a height above four stories or 50

A

1

317
Q

Until final systems are in place and tested resources that may be required to maintain water supply include

A

Temporary means, hydrants, FDC, temporary risers and temporary bulk sprinkler piping

318
Q

Structural supports must be built before

A

Load can be added

319
Q

Controlled collapse demolition large equipment used ?

A

Cranes w/ demolition balls, hydraulic pushers arms, wire rope pulling and explosives

320
Q

Chemical process of oxidation think ??

A

Combustion

321
Q

Waves think

A

Seismic forces

322
Q

Through the ground think

A

seismic effect

323
Q

Caused by earthquake think 

A

Seismic load

324
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweeting

Building Contruction All Chaps (1 decks)

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