alkanes

Question 1

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds.

They include alkanes and cycloalkanes.

Question 2

What are alkanes?

Answer 2

Saturated open chain hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon single bonds.

Methane (CH₄) is the first member of this family.

Question 3

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

It represents any particular homologue when n is given an appropriate value.

Question 4

What distinguishes unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 4

They contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds (double bonds, triple bonds, or both).

Aromatic hydrocarbons are a special type of cyclic unsaturated compounds.

Question 5

What is the structure of methane according to VSEPR theory?

Answer 5

Tetrahedral structure with the carbon atom at the center and four hydrogen atoms at the corners.

All H-C-H bond angles are 109.5°.

Question 6

What are cycloalkanes?

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons that form a closed chain or ring.

They are a type of saturated hydrocarbon.

Question 7

What is the molecular formula for ethane?

Answer 7

C2H6

Ethane is derived from methane by replacing one hydrogen atom with a -CH3 group.

Question 8

What is the significance of tetravalence in carbon?

Answer 8

Carbon can form four bonds, which is essential for the structure of hydrocarbons.

This affects the construction of molecular models.

Question 9

What are the bond lengths for C-C and C-H in alkanes?

Answer 9

C-C bond length is 154 pm and C-H bond length is 112 pm.

These values are derived from the head-on overlapping of sp³ hybrid orbitals.

Question 10

What is the common name for C4H10?

Answer 10

Butane

It has two structural isomers: n-butane and isobutane.

Question 11

True or False: Alkanes are reactive under normal conditions.

Answer 11

False

Alkanes are generally inert and do not react with acids, bases, or other reagents.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Aromatic hydrocarbons are a special type of ______ compounds.

Answer 12

cyclic

They are characterized by their stability and unique bonding.

Question 13

What is the boiling point of n-butane?

Answer 13

273 K

This is a characteristic physical property of n-butane.

Question 14

What are the two types of structures that C4H10 can have?

Answer 14

Continuous chain or branched chain

These structures illustrate isomerism in alkanes.