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health & social care - unit 2 > aim a > Flashcards

aim a Flashcards

1
Q

doctors

A

role: caring for people who are unwell, providing preventative care

responsibilities: diagnosing and treating illness, monitoring patient conditions

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2
Q

nurses

A

types: paediatric, mental health, adult, learning disability nurses

role: providing care

responsibilities: offering guidance, administering medication, dressing wounds

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3
Q

midwife

A

role: guiding the mother’s antenatal and prenatal care

responsibilities: monitoring mother and baby’s health, advice on breastfeeding, health visits

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4
Q

healthcare assistants

A

role: caring for parents

responsibilities: helping patients move, making beds, washing and drying patients, sterilising equipment, taking blood samples

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5
Q

occupational therapists

A

role: helping those with physical, social or mental disabilities to do everyday activities

responsibilities: providing specialist equipment, supporting people to adapt their home for accessibility, etc

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6
Q

policies

A

detailed description of an approach, and often specific procedures

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7
Q

procedure

A

a way of doing something, especially in a usual or correct way

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8
Q

social worker

A

role:
* safeguarding the most vulnerable people from harm

responsibilities:
* support people living independently and those in residential care
* ensuring children are safe and protected from abuse
* managing fostering and adoption procedures
* providing support for young people leaving care

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9
Q

youth worker

A

role: supporting young people to reach their full potential and to be responsible

responsibilities:
• delivering programmes relating to young people’s concerns
• organising residential activities and projects
• running sports teams
• initiating and managing community projects with young people
• working with parents to support the healthy development of their children

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10
Q

care assistant

A

role: providing practical help and support for people who have difficulties with daily activities

responsibilities:
• helping with personal daily care
• general household tasks
• paying bills and writing letters
• liaising with other health and care professionals

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11
Q

support worker

A

work under the supervision of health and care professionals (e.g. physio, OT, social workers)

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12
Q

ways to provide healing

A
  • medication
  • surgery
  • radiotherapy
  • organ transplant
  • support for lifestyle changes
  • support from specialist agencies
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13
Q

prescribing medication

A
  • usually prescribed by doctors
  • some nurses undergo nurse prescriber training
  • dentists, chiropodists and physios sometimes subscribe
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14
Q

surgery

A

can be used to:
- remove cancerous tumours
- joint replacement surgery, usually for older people
- district nurses monitor progress and provide treatments
- physios and OTs support mobility and promote independence
- social workers provide emotional support and ensure patient is accessing necessary services

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15
Q

radiotherapy

A
  • treatment using high energy radiation
  • planned by radiotherapists, radiographers and nurses
  • often used to treat cancer, benign tumours, or other conditions
  • side effects include itchiness and peeling or blistering skin
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16
Q

organ transplant

A
  • either moving organ from one body to another (allograft) or from one part of the body to another (autograft)
  • replaces patient’s damaged or missing organ
  • heart, kidneys, lungs, pancreas and intestines
  • surgeons and their teams carry out surgery
  • specialist nurses, physios, OTs, counsellors and social workers provide support
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17
Q

support for lifestyle changes

A
  • can be challenging but is very important
  • counselling and self help groups can be crucial
  • GPs, practice and district nurses can help people setup self help groups
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18
Q

support from specialist groups

A
  • age uk: support for older people’s health and wellbeing
  • mind: advice and support for those with mental health problems and campaigning to raise awareness
  • youngmind: improving mental health for children and young people
  • the royal institute of blind people: support for those who are partially-sighted or blind
  • alzheimer’s society: information and support for those with dementia
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19
Q

rehabilitation

A

the process of restoring a person to good health following
surgery, an accident or other illness, including recovery from addiction

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20
Q

psychotherapy

A

type of therapy used to treat emotional and mental health
conditions, usually by talking to a trained therapist one-to-one or in a group

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21
Q

complementary therapies

A
  • treatments designed to treat the whole person rather than the symptoms of their disease
  • e.g. acupuncture, aromatherapy, reflexology
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22
Q

conventional treatment

A
  • treating an individual’s symptoms and diseases by using drugs, radiation, or surgery administered by medical doctors and other healthcare professionals
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23
Q

role of physiotherapist in rehabilitation

A
  • restoring movement and function
  • works with people with pain/injury in bones. joints or soft tissue
  • reduces risk of future injury, pain reduction, strengthens weak muscles
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24
Q

role of occupational therapy in rehabilitation

A
  • maximising function and independence in daily living activities
  • works with people whose physical/mental health makes it different to take part in daily activities
  • helps individual to regain independence
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25
Q

role of counsellor in rehabilitation

A
  • offers advice and strategies to deal with issues
  • works with people who suffer difficult life events, such as bereavements or serious illness
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26
Q

role of psychotherapist in rehabilitation

A
  • offers support for mental health
  • works with people with mental health issues
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27
Q

appliances that support daily living activities

A
  • special cutlery with thick light handles for people with arthritis
  • cups and plates with suctioned bottoms
  • tools for those who can only use one hand
  • special dining chairs and armchairs adapted for individual needs
  • walk in baths and showers, or shower seats
  • raised toilet seats
  • adapted computer keyboards
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28
Q

equipment to support educational achievement

A
  • adpated computers to meet the needs of visually impaired and blind people
  • signers and other communicators for hearing impaired and profoundly deaf people
  • providing wheelchair access to learning spaces
  • additional time in exams for dyslexic students
  • enlarged text for people with poor vision
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29
Q

providing personal care

A
  • can include help with washing, toileting and feeding
  • it’s very important for professionals to ensure their approach is thoughtful and sensitive
  • professionals should create routines that include the individual’s wants and preferences
  • independence should be promoted
  • where help is needed, the client’s dignity and privacy should be preserved
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30
Q

informal care

A

care and support provided by relatives and friends, normally unpaid, and in addition to the care provided by health and care providers

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31
Q

care planning cycle definition

A

when professionals have different skills but similar approaches in planning and evaluating care

adjustments may be necessary, e.g. response to changes in health/circumstances, resources available

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32
Q

steps of care planning cycle

A
  • assessing the individual healthcare needs of service users
  • agreeing a care plan that promotes the service user’s health and wellbeing
  • evaluating the effectiveness of the care implemented
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33
Q

professional organisations in health and social care

A
  • the general medical council (GMC)
  • the nursing and midwifery council (NMC)
  • the health and care professionals council (HCPC)
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34
Q

code of conduct requires workers to:

A
  • be accountable
  • promote & uphold the privacy, dignity, rights, health & wellbeing of service users and carers
  • work in collaboration with colleagues to ensure they deliver high quality care & support
  • communicate in an open and effective way
  • respect a person’s rights to confidentiality
  • strive to improve the quality of healthcare, through CPD
  • uphold and promote equality, diversity and exclusion
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35
Q

advocate

A

someone who speaks for someone else and represents their views and preferences

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36
Q

support for communication

A

• translators and interpreters
• family and friends
• signers
• advocates

37
Q

benefits of supporting a service user

A

• able to address their needs and ensure they are met
• providing a good service
• able to understand likes, dislikes and preferences in relation to care
• ability to access relevant support

38
Q

challenges of working with service users

A
  • preferences between one service user can differ from another’s
  • the right to choice whilst protecting personal safety
  • different rights service users have
  • respect for culture, religion and beliefs
39
Q

empowerment

A

ensuring service users take a full part in discussions and decisions about their personal care and treatment

helps to ensure that meeting individual needs is at the heart of the service provision

40
Q

importance of empowerment

A

• enables service users to understand the choices that they can make
• service users can have the tendency to “do as told” if sick or anxious about their future
• can result in lack of confidence, passiveness, over-dependence

41
Q

benefits of individual rights to dignity and independence

A

• empowering service users means they are more likely to be treated as individuals
• their needs and preferences will be known and respectfully considered
• provides a context in which their rights are promoted, which boosts self esteem

42
Q

support consistent with beliefs, cultures and preferences

A

• health and social care provision in a multicultural setting must address specific needs of people
• beliefs, languages, traditions, diets and customs will be many and varied
• makes a stimulating social setting
• diversity should be celebrated

43
Q

potential challenges of diversity

A
  • service users who speak little or no english may require translators, and support to access english lessons
  • must provide a wide range of food for people with religious requirements
  • religious observances must be considered (e.g. prayer rooms, mass, synagogue)
44
Q

hazard definition

A

anything that could cause harm

45
Q

risk definition

A

the likelihood, high or low, that someone will be harmed by a hazard

46
Q

(risk assessments) employer’s responsibility about health and safety policy

A
  • undertake a risk assessment to identify risks and hazards and take actions to reduce risk
    -provide health and safety equipment and training
  • keep a record of all accidents and incidents
47
Q

(risk assessments) employees’ obligation

A
  • take care of own safety, and others
  • cooperate with employer to carry out health and safety procedures
  • not intentionally damage health and safety equipment
48
Q

steps of a risk assessment

A
  1. identify hazards
  2. identify who is at risk
  3. evaluate level of risk, from 1-4
  4. identify ways to limit the risk
  5. review measures
49
Q

legal disclosure and safeguarding

A

if someone vulnerable discloses that they are at risk of, or are being abused, safeguarding policies should be followed

50
Q

data protection act (1998)

A
  • governs processing and use of personal information
  • covers information stored on computers, phones and social media
  • covers most paper based personal information
  • it is illegal to have photographs of service users without their permission
51
Q

key principles of the data protection act (1998)

A
  1. data must be accurate and up to date
  2. data must not be passed to countries without data protection laws
  3. data must be collected fairly and honestly
  4. data must only be used for the reasons it has been given
  5. data must be sufficient to meet the needs of the organisation
  6. data must not be passed on to other organisations without permission
  7. data must be kept safe and secure
52
Q

legal and workplace requirements

A
  • requirements for confidentiality are in policies and procedures
  • embedded in codes of practice of professional bodies thst regulate staff (GMC, NMC, HCPC)
  • all employees have responsibility to ensure confidentiality is protected, and promote respect for it
  • employees should feel confident to suggest weaknesses if they find in procedures
53
Q

storing information

A
  • confidential information should be stored in locked filing cabinets, in a locked room
  • online information must be password protected
54
Q

accessing information

A
  • members of staff with access should be clearly identified
  • only relevant staff should have personal access passwords
55
Q

sharing information

A

should only be shared with others who have a need and right to know

56
Q

maintaining confidentiality

A

personal records must be kept safely and securely, and only used for intended purposes

57
Q

how professionals are monitored

A
  • level of content of initital training and education
  • ensuring CPD occurs
  • standards of personal conduct, will be investigated if not met
  • line manager
  • standards of professional practice in everyday life
58
Q

examples of CPD

A
  • training on use of new procedures/treatments
  • training on the use of new equipment
  • providing evidence of reviews and learning from own practice
59
Q

NMC revalidation

A
  • 450 practice hours for nurses and midwives, 900 for both
  • 5 pieces of practice related feedback
  • 5 written reflective accounts
  • health & character declaration
  • professional indemnity arrangement
  • 35 hours of CPD, with 20 hours being participatory learning
60
Q

care certificate

A
  • issued in april 2015
  • for newly appointed H&SC workers, who are not members of the GMC, NMC, or HCPC
  • is not a statutory requirement
  • is used alongside specific induction programme for a work setting
  • provides standards
61
Q

whistleblowing

A

a situation in which an employee reports poor or dangerous practice at their workplace to another organisation

62
Q

challenging behaviour

A

defined as any behaviour that puts the service user, or anyone else, at risk OR significantly affects their quality of life

e.g. excessive rudeness, aggression, self-harm, disruptiveness

63
Q

lone workers’ policy

A

guidance and procedures aimed at ensuring that people working on their own are safe

64
Q

how practitioners should deal with conflict

A
  • never resort to aggressive behaviour
  • listen carefully
  • try to see both sides of an argument/issue
  • stay calm
65
Q

procedures to minimise the spread of infection

A
  • washing hands before starting and after leaving work, before eating, after using the toilet, after coughing or sneezing, before and after personal care
  • safe handling and disposal of sharp objects such as needles or syringes to avoid needle-stick injuries and ensure that infection is not passed on through viruses carried in the blood or bacteria
  • keeping all soiled linen in designated laundry bag or bin, and only handling soiled linen wearing an apron and gloves
  • wearing disposable gloves and aprons when you have contact with bodily fluids, or when caring for someone with open wounds, ulcers, rashes, etc
  • cleaning all equipment according to agreed procedures of your setting
  • wearing protective clothing for any activities that involve close personal care or contact with body fluids.
66
Q

hazardous waste definition and examples

A

waste containing substances that can cause serious harm to people or equipment

e.g. items contaminated with bodily fluids, explosives, flammable materials and substances that poison or destroy human tissue.

67
Q

regulations for safe waste disposal

A

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations (2002) provide guidance approved by the Health and Safety Executive for the safe disposal of hazardous waste

68
Q

how to safely dispose clinical waste

A

yellow bag, waste is burnt in controlled environment

69
Q

how to safely dispose needles and syringes

A

sealed yellow sharps box, waste is burnt in controlled environment

70
Q

how to safely dispose body fluids

A

flushed down a sluice drain, area must then be cleaned and disinfected

71
Q

how to safely dispose soiled linens

A

red laundry bag: laundered at the appropriate temperature

72
Q

recyclable equipment and instruments

A

blue bag returned to central sterilisation services (CSSD) for sterilising and reuse

73
Q

notifiable deaths, injuries or diseases definition

A

particular serious illnesses, diseased, and deaths that must be officially reported

covered by the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) (2013)

74
Q

regulation for notifiable deaths, injuries or diseases

A

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) (2013)

75
Q

examples of notifiable illnesses

A
  • diptheria
  • food poisoning
  • rubella
  • tuberculosis
76
Q

examples of notifiable incidents

A

incidents occuring at work, such as broken bones, serious burns and death

77
Q

reporting and recording information

A
  • less serious accidents must also be recorded
  • providers of health and care services use an accident form to report the details of all accidents and incidents
  • these are all recorded in an ‘accident book’
78
Q

complaints

(how they should be treated)

A

complaints should not be regarded as a purely negative activity but rather as a source of information that will help improve the service

79
Q

rights of a service user, employee, or volunteer with a complaint

A
  • have their complaint dealt with swiftly and efficiently
  • have a proper and careful investigation of their concerns
  • know the outcomes of those investigations
  • have a judicial review of the facts, if they think the action or the decision is unlawful
  • receive compensation if they have been harmed either physically or psychologically as a result of the situation about which they are complaining.
80
Q

regulation for first aid

A

health and safety (first aid) regulation (1981)

81
Q

recording first aid accidents

A

must include:
* the name of the casualty
* the nature of the incident/injury
* the date, time and location of the incident
* a record of the treatment given

82
Q

the need for joined up working

A

if a service user is known to and supported by a number of different agencies or professionals, it is essential that those carers work as a team

83
Q

involving service users, carers and advocates in the multidisciplinary team

A
  • at formal team meetings, the service user is present, their advocate and translator and/or interpreter is there, informal carers, as well as other professionals who contribute to the support, planning and evaluation of the care provided
  • the service user’s presence is crucial for empowerment, and for the service user to express their views and preferences in regards to their care
84
Q

holistic approach

A

an approach to care that addresses the individual’s physical, social, emotional and spiritual health; so addressing the needs of the whole person

85
Q

line manager definition

A

person responsible for managing the work of an individual or of a team in an organisation, usually the position they hold will be at least one level above the person/people

86
Q

line management

A

people in health and care settings normally work in hierarchical organisations, with work monitored by a senior member of staff

if staff performance is lower than expected, it will be the line manager’s responsibility to address the issues with staff concerned, and take appropriate action

87
Q

external inspection by relevant agencies

A

health, care and early years settings are regularly inspected by independent, government-run agencies, e.g. CQC, Ofsted

88
Q

service user feedback

A

may include:
* regular meetings for service users to report concerns and share ideas
* a committee that represents all service users
* a suggestions box
* a private meeting with a manager/governor of the setting
* reporting good practice or areas of concern to an external agency

89
Q

criminal investigations

A

in serious cases of abuse, the police may investigate

this can lead to professionals being removed from their professional register and being barred from practice

health & social care - unit 2 (3 decks)

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