Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology > Adrenal Cortex > Flashcards

Adrenal Cortex Flashcards

Corticosteroids(synthesis , functions and regulations) , clinical disorders

1
Q

All hormones of adrenal cortex are collectively called

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many zones are present in adrenal cortex

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which is the largest zone of all 3 zones in adrenal cortex

A

Zona fasciculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which zone secretes mineralocorticoid and has which specific enzyme

A

Zona glomerulosa , Aldosterone synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main glucocorticoid is

A

Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Main mineralocorticoid is

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All corticosteroids are synthesized from

A

Cholesterol provided mainly by LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Main plasma proteins for transport of aldosterone and cortisol

A

Transcortin and albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adrenal steroids are degraded in which organ

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hormones having both M.coid and G.coid activity

A

Cortisone and corticosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Plasma conc.of cortisol in mg

A

15 mg /day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plasma conc.of aldosterone

A

0.15 mg / day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Corticosteroids are synthesized in which organelles

A

Mitochondria and Endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Synthetic mineralocorticoid is

A

9alpha-flurocortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Synthetic glucocorticoid is

A

Dexamethasone

Prednisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Principle function of aldosterone

A

Excretion of potassium ions

Retention of sodium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mechanism by which kidney normalises blood volume and pressure in high aldosterone states is called

A

ALDOSTERONE ESCAPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most important regulatory factors for Aldosterone are

A

Angiotensin ii

Pottasium concentration in plasma

19
Q

Cortisol is also called

A

Hydrocortisone

20
Q

Cortisol is released from which part of adrenal cortex

A

Zona fasciculata

21
Q

Effect of cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism

W.r.t insulin

A

Increases insulin resistance of cells

Thus decreasing glucose uptake and utilisation

22
Q

Effect of cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism w.r.t gluconeogenesis

A

Increases gluconeogenesis in liver

23
Q

Effect of cortisol on protein metabolism w.r.t

Protein mobilisation

A

Amino acid mobilisation increase towards liver

So as to support gluconeogenesis and decreasing the protein stores of cells

24
Q

Effect of cortisol on fat metabolism w.r.t. to fat mobilisation and oxidation

A

Increased mobilisation of fatty acids and increased oxidation of fatty acids

25
Q

Cortisol is used for anti-inflammatory substance because it the permeability of capillary

A

Decreases

26
Q

During inflammation cortisol the production of lymphocytes and other immune cells

A

Decreases

27
Q

Increased blood flow due to infected substances is called

A

ERYTHEMA

28
Q

Main regulating hormone for cortisol is

A

ACTH

29
Q

ACTH activates which secondary messenger system for production of cortisol

A

cAMP System

30
Q

Causes of hypoadrenalism are

A

: Tumor covering cortices
: AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
: LOW ACTH LEVELS

31
Q

Effects of low aldosterone w.r.t sodium and potassium and hydrogen ions

A

Low sodium levels
High pottasium levels
Mild elevation of H+ ions

32
Q

Effect of low aldosterone on blood vol and pressure

A

Low blood vol and low pressure due to loos of H2O

33
Q

Effect of low cortisol of appetite and body weight

A

Loss of appetite and low body weight

34
Q

Effect of low cortisol on muscle and why

A

It causes muscle weakness due to less mobilisation of AAs and FAs

35
Q

Effect of low cortisol on skin and why

A

Hyperpigmentation due to high levels of MSH released along with high ACTH

36
Q

Symptom of hypoadrenalism w.r.t GIT

A

vomitting
Constipation
Diarrhea

37
Q

Causes of hyperadrenalism are

A

Cancer of - pituitary , hypothalamus , adrenal cortex

38
Q

Effect of high androgens in hyperadrenalism( growth of facial hair )

A

Acne , Hirsutism

39
Q

Effect of high cortisol on muscles and why

A

Increased protein mobilisation causes muscle weakness

40
Q

Effect of high cortisol in bones

A

Increased mobilisation of protein causes osteoporosis

41
Q

Effect of increased cortisol on blood sugar

A

Increases

42
Q

Primary aldosteronism is also called

A

CONN’S SYNDROME

43
Q

What happens in conn’s syndrome

A

Increased Aldosterone due to developed tumor in cortices and only increased Aldosterone occurs
Causing hypokalemia and muscle paralysis (frequent episodes)

Endocrinology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions