ADPKD

Question 1

Which diagnostic imaging modality is commonly used for presymptomatic screening in at-risk individuals for ADPKD?
A. Computed tomography (CT)
B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C. Renal ultrasonography
D. Plain abdominal X-ray

Answer 1

C. Renal ultrasonography

Rationale: Renal ultrasonography is a widely available, noninvasive, and effective tool for presymptomatic screening in at-risk individuals for ADPKD.

Question 2

What is the minimum diagnostic criterion for ADPKD in an at-risk individual aged 15–29 years?
A. One cyst in each kidney
B. At least two cysts in each kidney
C. At least two cysts, unilateral or bilateral
D. Four cysts in total

Answer 2

C. At least two cysts, unilateral or bilateral

Rationale: The presence of at least two renal cysts (unilateral or bilateral) in individuals aged 15–29 years is sufficient for diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity.

Question 3

For individuals aged 30–59 years, what is the minimum diagnostic criterion for ADPKD?
A. Two cysts in one kidney
B. Two cysts in each kidney
C. Four cysts in total
D. Four cysts in each kidney

Answer 3

B. Two cysts in each kidney

Rationale: For individuals aged 30–59 years, the presence of at least two cysts in each kidney is required for diagnosis with 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Question 4

What is the diagnostic criterion for ADPKD in at-risk individuals aged ≥60 years?
A. Two cysts in each kidney
B. Three cysts in each kidney
C. Four cysts in each kidney
D. Six cysts in total

Answer 4

C. Four cysts in each kidney

Rationale: In individuals aged ≥60 years, the presence of at least four cysts in each kidney is required for diagnosis with 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Question 5

What role does family history play in diagnosing ADPKD?
A. It is not relevant to the diagnosis.
B. It determines the likelihood of cyst complications.
C. It supports the diagnosis in conjunction with imaging findings.
D. It is the sole criterion for diagnosis.

Answer 5

C. It supports the diagnosis in conjunction with imaging findings.

Rationale: A positive family history consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance supports the diagnosis of ADPKD when combined with imaging criteria.