ADHD Lecture 11

Question 1

What do you need to get diagnosed with ADHD

Answer 1

At least 6 of the following symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity

Question 2

What are the other main criteria?

Answer 2

Must start before 12
–> Must be present in two or more settings
–> Must be evidence of significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
–> Symptoms are not there as a result of something else like schizophrenia that explains the behaviors better.

Question 3

What are the three subtypes of ADHD

Answer 3

Inattention
Hyperactivity/Impulsivity
Combined

–> If it is 6 of inattention but less than 6 with hyperactivity it is known as or more commonly known as ADHD of the inattentive presentation or ADD

–> If it is the other way around it is ADHD hyperactive-impulsive presentation type

If 6 in both it is called combined

You need to specify the severity and if there is partial remission of any symptoms

Question 4

What is the prevalence of ADHD

Answer 4

3-7% and more common in boys with a 3 to 1 ration
–> 4.4% of adults in USA

Question 5

ADHD does not necessarily have an onset

Answer 5

Before 12
–> Impairment may increase during adolescence

Question 6

What are some associated problems with ADHD

Answer 6

At risk for injury, delinquent behavior, substance abuse and traffic accidents.
–> These behaviors become more prevalent in the teenage years

Question 7

ADHD is comorbid with _______

Answer 7

Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder about 50%
–> Learning disorders are 20%-30%
–> Depression and anxiety are high too

Question 8

What % of people respond well to psychostimulant drugs?

Answer 8

About 75% respond well
–> If it is only moderately or barely severe it is not prescribed firstly for ADHD. Only for severe ADHD!!

Question 9

Adult impairment with ADHD

Answer 9

Less likely to graduate from college
More likely to be un- and under-employed
Lower SES
Higher rates of divorce

Question 10

College students with ADHD

Answer 10

5% of students in Dutch universities
More likely to withdraw or drop out
Lower GPA

Question 11

What are the two pathways in the dual model of ADHD

Answer 11

The reward circuit and executive circuit

Question 12

What % of ADHD cases persist into adolescence and then into adulthood?

Answer 12

50-70% into adolescence and then 50% into adulthood

Question 13

ADHD may not be a distinct category but rather a

Answer 13

Extreme point on a continuum

Question 14

How often are meds useful for ADHD

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

What are the three broad problems with adolescence?

Answer 15

Substance abuse
Internalising Problems
Externalising Problems

Question 16

ADHD is a _____ diagnosis

Answer 16

Descriptive Diagnosis

Question 17

Adults used to not get diagnosed with ADHD but rather

Answer 17

BPD

Question 18

What % of adults do not respond to meds for ADHD

Answer 18

25-50%

Question 19

What is the most widely considered age of adolescence?

Answer 19

The start of puberty and the end is when you transition into adult roles (social criteria)

Question 20

Early Adolescence

Answer 20

10-13 pre pubescence

Question 21

Mid Adolescence

Answer 21

14-17 pubescence

Question 22

Late Adolescence

Answer 22

18-21 post pubescence

Question 23

What did Brotfenbrenner say?

Answer 23

We cannot understand development without examining the environment in which it occurs. Even brain development depends on environmental input

Question 24

What % of teens report serious problems and what % of them had problems in childhood?

Answer 24

Only 20-25% report serious problems and 80% of them had issues in childhood
–> Only 10% develop problematic behavior

Question 25

We are all born with _____ brains until _______ does

Answer 25

Female brains until testosterone turns some brains masculine

Question 26

What new systems develop in adolescence?

Answer 26

Nothing new is made or produced. Everything is already there

Question 27

Dual System Model

Answer 27

The prefrontal cortex is still developing so the Limbic system and executive control battle it out for priority

Question 28

What did Crone and Dahl say about the dual system model?

Answer 28

That cognitive control can be flexibly used by adolescence depending on how motivated an individual is. They choose how much motivation they have.

Question 29

Steinberg said that if

Answer 29

You give subjects an adolescent crown it will double the number of chances they take

Question 30

Adrenarche

Answer 30

The maturation of the adrenal gland that takes place during adolescence

Question 31

What triggers puberty?

Answer 31

Something reawakens the HPG axis and signals the body is ready for puberty
–> Presence of sexual partners
–> Sufficient nutritional resources
–> Physically healthy enough

Question 32

Peak Height Velocity

Answer 32

The point at when the adolescent is growing fastest