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Chemistry > Additional Science > Flashcards

Additional Science Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Mendeleev order his periodic table?

A

He arranged it in increasing order of atomic mass but also took into account the properties of different elements

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2
Q

What did Mendeleev do that was different to others who had made tables before?

A

He left gaps for elements that he thought hadn’t been discovered yet

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3
Q

Give an example of one element that Mendeleev predicted

A

Eka-aluminium - the properties match that of Gallium’s today

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4
Q

What is the object at the centre of an atom?

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

What are the three types of sub atomic particles that make up an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus which is surrounded by electrons

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6
Q

How are electrons arranged?

A

Into shells

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7
Q

Rather than using actual masses and charges of sub atomic particles, what do we use?

A

Relative mass and relative charge

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8
Q

What are the relative masses and charges of the three sub atomic particles?

A

Proton 1 +1
Neutron 1 0
Electron - -1

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9
Q

Which is different about each atom?

A

The number of protons

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10
Q

What two sub atomic particles exist in the same quantity in an atom?

A

Protons and electrons

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11
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom

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12
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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13
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The mass of an atom in relativity to carbon-12

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14
Q

What are the periods?

A

The horizontal rows

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15
Q

What are the groups?

A

The vertical columns

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16
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Different atoms of an element with varying numbers of neutrons

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17
Q

What is relative abundance?

A

The number of objects of a particular kind of sample shown as a percentage of the total number of objects in the sample

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18
Q

What is electronic configuration?

A

The way in which electrons are arranged in an atom

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19
Q

What is the configuration of the three shells in an atom?

A

2-8-8

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20
Q

What does the number of electrons in the outer shell correspond with on the periodic table?

A

The group number

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21
Q

What does the period correspond with in terms of electron shells?

A

The number of shells

22
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or group of atoms with a charge

23
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positive ion

24
Q

Do metal atoms lose or gain electrons?

A

They lose them

25
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion

26
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond formed through the attraction between ions

27
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A compound made up of ions

28
Q

What’s the different between an -ide compound and an -ate compound?

A

The -ate shows a presence of oxygen atoms

29
Q

What is the name of the structure that ionic compound form and what does this mean?

A

A lattice structure which means they are packed together in a box like arrangement and therefore forms cube-shaped crystals

30
Q

What are the electrostatic forces like between atoms?

A

Strong

31
Q

When will an ionic substance conduct electricity?

A

When molten or when in aqueous solution

32
Q

What is the melting point?

A

The temperature at which a substance turns from solid to liquid

33
Q

What is the boiling point?

A

The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas

34
Q

Do ionic substances have high or low boiling/melting points and why?

A

High because the bonds are strong and a lot of energy is needed to overcome them

35
Q

If a substance dissolves in a substance, what do we say it is?

A

Soluble

36
Q

If a substance doesn’t dissolve, what is it called?

A

Insoluble

37
Q

What is a salt?

A

A substance that can be made by reacting an acid and an alkali

38
Q

Are sodium, potassium and ammonium salts insoluble or soluble?

A

Soluble

39
Q

Are nitrates soluble?

A

Yes

40
Q

Are chlorides soluble?

A

Yes except silver chloride and lead chloride

41
Q

Are sulfates soluble?

A

Yes except lead sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate

42
Q

Are carbonates soluble?

A

No except sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate

43
Q

Are hydroxides soluble?

A

No except sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide

44
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

A reaction in which an insoluble solid is produced from two soluble substances

45
Q

What is a barium meal?

A

A drink that contains barium sulfate that will appear on x-Ray’s to diagnose problems with their intestines

46
Q

Most barium salts are toxic, why isn’t this a problem for barium meals?

A

Because barium sulfate is insoluble so it doesn’t get into the bloodstream

47
Q

What colour does sodium turn in flame tests?

A

Yellow

48
Q

What colour does potassium turn in the flame test,

A

Lilac

49
Q

What colour does calcium turn in the flame test?

A

Red

50
Q

What colour does copper turn in the flame test?

A

Green/blue

Chemistry (3 decks)

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