addictions

Question 1

what is dependence?

Answer 1

an effect that is opposite of the pleasurable effect is created when the stimulus is discontinued

Question 2

define addiction

Answer 2

compulsive behavior that is rewarding or pleasurable with loss of control, suppression of unpleasant secondary effect

Question 3

define tolerance

Answer 3

a state in which an organism no longer responds to a drug and a higher dose is required for the same effect

Question 4

when does acute tolerance begin?

Answer 4

first exposure to drug

Question 5

what is maximal tolerance?

Answer 5

dose that any doses above that have little additional effect

Question 6

which drugs have maximal tolerance vs. drugs that do not?

Answer 6

alcohol and other sedatives have max tolerance

opiates DO NOT have max tolerance

Question 7

compare the fatal dose of alcohol vs. fatal dose of opiates

Answer 7

fatal dose of alcohol is fixed

fatal dose of opiate increases with increasing tolerance

Question 8

what is dependence?

Answer 8

state in which the organism only functions normally in the presence of a drug, withdrawal will occur if drug is removed

Question 9

what is an example of acute dependence?

Answer 9

hangover after first drug use

Question 10

what are the primary and secondary effects of depressants?

Answer 10

primary- depression

secondary- stimulation

Question 11

what occurs with the secondary effect over time?

Answer 11

the secondary effect becomes greater over time with continued or episodic use, caused by dependence

Question 12

6 depressants

Answer 12

alcohol, marijuana, benzos, barbituates, volatile hydrocarbons, anesthetic gases

Question 13

7 stimulants

Answer 13

amphetamines, cocaine, ritalin, caffeine, ecstasy, ephedrine, LSD

Question 14

what is cross tolerance and cross dependence?

Answer 14

tolerance and dependence to one drug in a category me ands tolerance and dependence to all drugs in the same category

Question 15

what are the exceptions to cross-tolerance/cross-dependence?

Answer 15

Caffeine and LSD

Question 16

why is there high rates of opiate dependency and alcoholism in gastric bypass pts?

Answer 16

eating disorder was never treated

Question 17

describe remembering tolerance

Answer 17

once significant tolerance is achieved, it is remembered after a long period of drug abstinence and re-learning curve is much shorter, so old set point will be returned to quickly

Question 18

describe sensitization

Answer 18

makes drug more appealing over time, has Delta Fos B, which is enduring in the CNS

Question 19

what is CREB?

Answer 19

circulates in CNS, stimulates nucleus accumbens, fades soon after last use

Question 20

what type of half life gives a drug greater addicting potential?

Answer 20

short half life = greater addiction potential

Question 21

what are the 3 common defense mechanisms employed by addicts?

Answer 21

denial
projection
repression

Question 22

where does that primary help for addicts come from?

Answer 22

12 step programs