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HDM - Midterm > Activation Of Adaptive Immunity - Bowden > Flashcards

Activation Of Adaptive Immunity - Bowden Flashcards

1
Q

Started on 7

A

Look at previous

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2
Q

What is MHC also referred to as? 8

A

HLA (human leukocyte antigens)

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3
Q

Where are type I MHC found? 8

A

On all nucleated cells

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4
Q

Where are type II MHC found? 8

A

Found on professional APCs

Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B lymphocytes

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5
Q

Read 9

A

(Add)

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6
Q

Why do T cells need HLAs (MHCs)? 10

A

T cells cannot recognize free or soluble Ag, they need to be presented to

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7
Q

What chromosome is MHC/HLA genes found on? 11

A

Chromosome 6

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8
Q

How many classes of HLA are there? 11

A

3 classes (I, II, and III)

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9
Q

Read 12

A

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10
Q

Which HLA locus of MHC class I has the greatest number of allotypes? 13

A

HLA locus B 439

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11
Q

Which HLA locus of MHC class II has the greatest number of allotypes? 13

A

HLA locus DRB1 269

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12
Q

What codes for Class I HLA (MHC)? 14

A

HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-C

3 separate genes

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13
Q

Finish reading slide 14

A

(Add)

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14
Q

read 15

A

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15
Q

Where is the peptide binding groove on Class I HLA(MHC)

A

Between the α1 and α2 domains

This site has the greatest polymorphisms

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16
Q

Finish reading 16

A

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17
Q

Where is the α chain of class I HLA (MHC) synthesized? 17

A

Translated into the ER as a glycoproteins

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18
Q

Finish reading 17

A

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19
Q

How many different alleles of Class I HLA can be expressed at the same time? 18

A

6 different allelic expressions 1

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20
Q

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A

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21
Q

What is the structure of the Class II HLA (MHC)? 20

A

(Add)

22
Q

Where is the peptide binding groove for Class II HLA (MHC)? 21

A

Formed by the α1 and β1 domains

23
Q

Finish reading 21

A

(Add)

24
Q

Where is Class II HLA (MHC) synthesized? 22

A

The α and β chains are synthesized into the ER where a third protein called the invariant chain is added

25
Q

What is the role of the invariant chain within Class II HLA (MHC)? 22

A

Finish reading this slide

26
Q

What kind of end does the groove of Class II HLA (MHC) have? 23

A

An open-ended groove

27
Q

Finish 23

A

(Add)

28
Q

What are some main features of Class I and Class II HLA? 24

A

(Add)

29
Q

Finish reading 24

A

(Add)

30
Q

Read 25

A

(Add)

31
Q

What is a minor HLA class? What chromosome is it encoded from? 26

A

H-Y

Encoded on the Y chromosome

32
Q

What are H-Y class HLA associated with? 26

A

Acute rejection of male grafts in female recipients

33
Q

Read 27

A

(Add)

34
Q

What does CD4 of Th cells bind on APCs? 27

A

β-2 on class 2 HLA (MHCs)

35
Q

What is the principle function of Dendritic cells? 29

A

Add from table

36
Q

What is the principle function of macrophages? What type of response do they play a role in? 29

A

Ag presentation to CD4

cell-mediated responses

37
Q

What is the principle function of B lymphocytes? What type of response do they play a role in? 29

A

Ag presentation to CD4

humoral immune response

38
Q

Read 30

A

(Add)

39
Q

What kind of Processing pathway deals with intracellular pathogens and self? 31

A

Class I HLA (MHC)

40
Q

What processing pathway deals with extracellular pathogens? 31

A

Class II HLA (MHC)

41
Q

What happens in the class II HLA (MHC) pathway? 32

A

Protein Ag brought in via endosome

Lysosomes binds with endosome (digestion)

A CLIP is removed from HLA-DM making it Active

HLA-DM can now bind Ag peptide for presentation

42
Q

Read 33 and 32 and describe what happens within the ER during the Class II HLA (MHC) pathway

A

(Add)

43
Q

What happens in the Class I HLA (MHC) pathway? 34

A

Virus produces proteins either in cytosol or phagosome of host cell

These proteins are ubiquinated

Ubiquinated viral proteins run through proteasome (digestion)

TAP on the ER surface grabs viral peptides

TAP (with Tapasin) loads peptide on Class I HLA (MHC)

Loaded HLA I goes to Golgi and then is presented on outside of cell

44
Q

What’s happening during cross-presentation? 36

A

If virus infects a DC and enters cytosol the DC can express as HLA (MHC) I to signal a CTL (CD8)

Normally, DC can phagosome virus and present as HLA II (MHC) to signal a Th (CD$)

45
Q

What mutation causes Ankylosing spondylitis? What is it? 40

A

expression of HLA-B27

Inflammation of the spine

46
Q

What causes rheumatic fever? 41

A

Pt. Gets strep throat (streptococcus pyrogenes)

Ab produced in response react with cardiac tissue

If HLA-DR4 allele is expressed = rheumatic fever

47
Q

What are the HLA associations with Sjogren’s Syndrome, Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus, and Psoriasis? 41

A

Sjogren’s Syndrome - HLA-DR3

Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus - HLA-DQw8

Psoriasis - HLA-B3

48
Q

Read 42

A

(Add)

49
Q

Read 43, 44

A

Add

HDM - Midterm (9 decks)

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