Acquired Heart Diseases Flashcards
What is an acquired heart disease?
A heart disease that develops after birth
What are foam cells?
Macrophages taken by lipids
Thrombus formation is caused by what?
Ruptured plaque
What’s angina?
Chest pain
What’s an angiogram?
When a catheter is inserted into the groin + fed to the coronary arteries + dye is injected
X-ray shows coronary arteries
What’s an echocardiogram?
Probe on chest or down oesophagus
To check for problems w/ valves + chambers and how the heart pumps blood
What are the possible treatments for coronary heart disease?
Coronary angioplasty + stent placement
Coronary artery bypass graft
Blood thinning medication
What is a TIA?
Transient ischaemic attack
When blood supply to part of the brain is transiently cut off
How would you diagnose cerebral vascular disease?
Brain scan
Swallow test
Carotid ultrasound
What are the treatments for ischaemic strokes?
Thrombolytic drugs (short term)
Thrombectomy (removal of clot)
Carotid endarterectomy (removal of fatty deposits in carotid)
Long-term combination of meds (anti-platelets, anti-coagulant, anti-hypertensive)
What are the treatments for peripheral artery disease?
Lifestyle changes (exercise, stop smoking, diet)
Meds (Anti-hypertensives, cholesterol reduction, control diabetes)
Critical limb ischaemia
-> Angioplasty or bypass graft
-> Amputation
At what size does an aneurysm have to be to be in need of surgical treatment?
> 5.5cm
What is the treatment for small aneurysms < 5.5cm?
Regular ultrasounds
Lifestyle changes
What are the treatments for cranial aneurysms?
Neurosurgical clipping Endovascular coiling If ruptured -> Medication (called nimodipine) -> then surgery
What bacteria causes bacterial pericarditis?
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Pneumococcus
