Accessibility vs mobility - enhancing strategies for addressing automobile dependence in the US (Handy)

Question 1

Definition mobility

Answer 1

The potential for movement or the ease of getting from one place to another

Question 2

mobility enhancing strategies

Answer 2

focus on improving the flow of traffic and performance of the system
1. road building: used in the US. increases travel demand by encouraging new development along the road and making driving more cost-effective
2. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): technologies to improve transportation system. Primary goal is to save lives, time and money by enhancing transportation systems.

Question 3

accessibility enhancing strategies

Answer 3

improve access to needed and desired activities.
1. land use:
- reducing travel impedance (reduce distances between various activities)
- increasing destination attractiveness
2. Telecommunications: working, shopping etc. from home.

Question 4

Land use strategies to reduce car dependence

Answer 4

1. new urbanism (movement promotes urban design that prioritizes pedestrians and transit alongside cars)
2. TOD (high-density, mixed use development near transit stations)
3. Infill development (building within existing urbanized areas, slow urban sprawl)
4. Main Street Programs (revitalize traditional or historic commercial areas)
5. Street connectivity (increasing connectivity of the local street network)

Question 5

Mobility limiting strategies

Answer 5

Helps to diminish the appeal of driving compared to other alternatives.
1. pricing strategies: make drivers directly pay for their road usage. –> Distance-based pricing (raising gasoline taxes), parking pricing
2. Road restriction and removal: imposes limitations on road usage and reduces driving. restrictions temporarily reduce road capacity, increasing cost of driving, while removal results in roads being eliminated, further limiting mobility.

Question 6

what strategies are effective

Answer 6

evidence suggests that a combination of accessibility enhancing strategies and mobility limiting strategies are most effective compared to mobility enhancing strategies alone.